Eubostrichus Topiarius Sp. N., a New Free-Living, Marine Species of Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) From a Shallow Subtidal Sand Bottom

Berger, Edith; Urbancik, W.; Ott, Jörg

doi:10.1163/004625996x00027

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…GSOs, similar to those described for Eubostrichus topiarus by Berger et al (1996), are present but are not associated with hollow spines nor any visible setae as were those that latter species. GSOs are present over the majority of the body, but tend to be more numerous, larger and more closely spaced on the ventral surface in the cervical region of the male type specimens ( Figure 9b v. 9e) than on the rest of the body, and additionally, near the vulva in female paratypes.…”

Section: Confusion Exists As To the Validity Of The Genussupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Eubostrichus otti is most similar to E. topiarus Berger et al, 1996 but is approximately half the size. Also the cephalic setation is divergent, with E. otti having an anterior cephalic crown of eight setae and a posterior of four (8+4), which is the opposite to E. topiarus which has 4+8.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Also the cephalic setation is divergent, with E. otti having an anterior cephalic crown of eight setae and a posterior of four (8+4), which is the opposite to E. topiarus which has 4+8. The other similar species, E. longisetosus Berger et al, 1996 andE. africanus Muthumbi et al, 1995, which both have both 4+4.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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New species of free-living aquatic nematodes from south-western Australia (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Desmodoridae)

Hourston¹,

Warwick²

2010

Rec West Aust Mus

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-Descriptions of 10 new species of free-living aquatic nematodes are presented. Four of the new species belong to the Axonolaimidae, i.e. Ascolaimus australis, Parascolaimus brevisetus, Odontophora serrata and Parodontophora aurata. The remaining six species belong to the Desmodoridae, i.e. Bolbonema spiralis, Onyx cephalispiculus, O. potteri, Eubostrichus otti, Catanema australis and Leptonemella peronensis. All 10 species were found in sediments taken from near-shore waters of either the Swan River Estuary or marine waters of the Perth region (Western Australia). Ascolaimus australis differs from its only congener A. elongatus in that its spicules are non-barbed and have rounded proximal cephalations. Parascolaimus brevisetus is different from its four other congeners by its short cephalic setae, which are less than one quarter the length of any other Parascolaimus, and the spicule cephalations are rounded rather than simple or spade-shaped. Parodontophora aurata is distinguished from six morphologically similar species by the unique arrangement ((4D-2V)2) and greater length (6 µm) of the opisthocephalic setation. Odontophora serrata is distinct from other Odontophora species in that each odontiuim bears seven dentate projections, which is more projections than similar species, O. bermudensis (5), O. villoti (3) and O. paravilloti (3). Bolbonema spiralis has spiral amphids with two turns, in contrast to those of B. longisetosum, which are only a single loop. Onyx cephalispiculus is most similar to O. sagittarius but has more robust spicules with large, bilobed cephalations. Onyx potteri is the only Onyx species to exhibit spicules with a distinct constriction and one of only two species with ten tubular precloacal supplements. The other, O. dimorphus, has sexually dimorphic amphids whereas O. potteri does not. Eubostrichus otti is most similar to E. topiarus but is only half the size. Cephalic setation is also divergent, with E. otti having two cephalic crowns, eight setae in the anterior, four in the posterior, whereas this arrangement is reversed for E. topiarus. Catanema australis is most similar to C. exilis but is distinguished from that species by the lack of prominent, tubular, postcloacal supplements and having only four pairs of normal setae on the tail. Leptonemella peronensis is most similar to L. granulosa but differs in its non-granular cephalic capsule, shorter tail and different circumcloacal setation (two precloacal, four postcloacal and one terminal double pair v. L. granulosa's seven postcloacal pairs).

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Section: Confusion Exists As To the Validity Of The Genussupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 97%

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New species of free-living aquatic nematodes from south-western Australia (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Desmodoridae)

Hourston¹,

Warwick²

2010

Rec West Aust Mus

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“…The bacterial coat of the genera Laxus, Robbea and Catanema is a monolayer of rod-shaped bacteria, which are individually attached to the worms' cuticule. The third type of bacterial coat is seen in worms of the genus Eubostnchus where the filamentous bacteria are up to 100 pm long (Polz et al 1992, Berger et al 1996). Representatives of the described genera and several other symbiotic meiofaunal inhabitants are found at the collection site on Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, Central America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of nitrogen and sulfur in ectosymbiotic bacteria of marine nematodes (Nematoda, Stilbonematinae)

Hentschel¹,

Berger²,

Bright³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Nematodes of the family Stilbonematinae are known for their hlghly specific association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. These worms are members of the meiofauna in marine, sulfide-rich sediments, where they migrate around the redox boundary layer. In this study, bacterial ectosymbionts of 2 species of marine nematodes, Stilbonema sp. and Laxus oneistus, were shown to be capable of the respiratory reduction of nitrate and nitrite (denitrification). The use of these alternative electron acceptors to oxygen by the bacteria allows the anlmals to migrate into the deeper, anoxic sedirnents, where they can exploit the sulfide-rich patches of the deeper sediment layers. The accumulation of thiols (sulfide, thiosulfate, sulfate and glutathione) in body tissues of the worms was determined following incubation in the presence of various electron donors (sulfide, thiosulfate) and acceptors (nitrate). In their chemoautotrophic metabolic potential, the ectosymbionts of the 2 nematode species were found to resemble the phylogenetically related, intracellular symbionts of macrofaunal hosts of deep-sea hydrothermal vents and other sulfide-rich habitats.

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A novel three-part pharynx and its parallel evolution within symbiotic marine nematodes (Desmodoroidea, Stilbonematinae)

Pröts,

Novotny-Diermayr,

Ott

2024

Org Divers Evol

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Stilbonematinae are nematodes commonly found in shallow marine sands. They are overgrown by a genus- and species-specific coat of chemoautotrophic sulphur-oxidizing ectosymbiotic bacteria which profit from the vertical migration of their hosts through the chemocline by alternately gaining access to oxidizing and reducing chemical species, while in return, the host feeds on its symbionts. The subfamily exhibits a large morphological variability; e.g. the anterior pharynx is cylindrical in genera possessing a voluminous coat, but species with a bacterial monolayer possess a distinctly swollen corpus and therefore a tripartite pharynx. Since 18S-based phylogenetic analyses do not show close relationships between corpus-bearing species, we investigated the pharynx morphology using phalloidin staining in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy in order to assess an independent evolution. The class-wide stable position of the subventral pharynx ampullae was used as a morphological marker. Ampullae are positioned at the anterior-most end of the isthmus in Cyathorobbea, further posterior in Catanema and Robbea and inside the corpus in Laxus oneistus. We therefore conclude an independent evolution of corpus enlargements within Stilbonematinae. This further suggests that pharynx morphology is driven by the volume of the symbiotic bacterial coat rather than phylogeny. Based on an existing mathematical model, an enlarged corpus should enable its bearer to ingest food in smaller quantities, in gourmet style, whereas a cylindrical pharynx would restrict its bearer to ancestral gourmand feeding. A review of pharynx types of Nematoda showed that the Stilbonematinae pharynx is substantially different compared to other tripartite pharynges. The lack of pharyngeal tubes and valves, the undivided corpus and evenly distributed nuclei in the isthmus warrant the definition of the “stilbonematoid” three-part pharynx.

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Eubostrichus Topiarius Sp. N., a New Free-Living, Marine Species of Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) From a Shallow Subtidal Sand Bottom

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

New species of free-living aquatic nematodes from south-western Australia (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Desmodoridae)

New species of free-living aquatic nematodes from south-western Australia (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Desmodoridae)

Metabolism of nitrogen and sulfur in ectosymbiotic bacteria of marine nematodes (Nematoda, Stilbonematinae)

A novel three-part pharynx and its parallel evolution within symbiotic marine nematodes (Desmodoroidea, Stilbonematinae)

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