Eucoleus boehmi infection in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from Italy

Veronesi, Fabrizia; Morganti, Giulia; Cesare, Angela Di; Lepri, Elvio; Cassini, Rudi; Zanet, Stefania; Deni, Dario; Chiari, Mario; Ferroglio, Ezio

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.10.001

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It was found in European wildcats from Germany (Krone et al 2008) and southern Italy (Falsone et al 2014) and northern Italy (Beraldo et al 2014). The absence of C. aerophila in most cats from areas where prevalence of capillarids in domestic carnivores is high (Traversa et al 2009(Traversa et al , 2012Di Cesare et al 2011;Veronesi et al 2013Veronesi et al , 2014a suggests that the European wildcat is not a primary host for C. aerophila. However, F. s. silvestris can harbor this parasite, although other wildlife such as foxes and mustelids may play a primary role in the epizootiology of lung capillariosis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OCCURRENCE OF LUNGWORMS IN EUROPEAN WILDCATS (FELIS SILVESTRIS SILVESTRIS) OF CENTRAL ITALY

Veronesi

Traversa

Lepri

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The increasing focus on infections in domestic cats (Felis catus) has raised questions about lungworm distribution in wild hosts. To enhance knowledge of the occurrence of lungworms in enzootic regions of central Italy, we examined the carcasses of 16 European wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris). Adult nematodes, feces, respiratory flushings, and pulmonary tissues were collected at necropsy and then microscopically and genetically analyzed. Fourteen wildcats had single or mixed lungworm species. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was the most common parasite retrieved, followed by Troglostrongylus brevior. In addition, three specimens of Angiostrongylus chabaudi were found in the pulmonary arteries of one wildcat. Histologically, the most common lesions were a mild-to-severe chronic catarrhal bronchitis and a chronic interstitial pneumonia with smooth muscle hypertrophy, associated with T. brevior and A. abstrusus, respectively. These results demonstrate that the European wildcats may harbor several species of lungworms that may impair their health and welfare. Also, F. s. silvestris is a potential reservoir for respiratory nematodes in domestic cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OCCURRENCE OF LUNGWORMS IN EUROPEAN WILDCATS (FELIS SILVESTRIS SILVESTRIS) OF CENTRAL ITALY

Veronesi

Traversa

Lepri

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Additionally some helminth eggs (ascarids and ancylostomids) in frozen faeces can modify their shape (Schurer et al, 2014;Guerra et al, 2013). As detected by coprological examinations the low prevalence of T. vulpis may be complicated by the fact that eggs can be disguised with those of other Trichuridae, such as Eucoleus aerophilus, Eucoleus boehmi and A. putorii (Magi et al, 2012;Veronesi et al, 2014). This implies that a single coprological examination of a subject may not be reliable and should always be repeated, using an appropriate fl otation solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This opportunistic feeding behaviour has played an important role in the recent colonization of urban and peri-urban areas (Contesse et al, 2004). In fact, in many European countries such areas have seen a dramatic increase in the distribution and density of the red fox over the last two decades (Romig et al, 1999;Eckert et al, 2000;Vervaeke et al, 2005;Veronesi et al, 2014). Different habitats and diet composition strongly infl uence the helminth fauna of this wild carnivore (Barbosa et al, 2005;Eira et al, 2006;Hegglin et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Italy

et al. 2016

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SummaryA total of 180 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from an area scarcely investigated of north-west Italy, were examined for intestinal helminths using sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). Faecal samples were submitted to centrifugation with 50 % zinc sulphate used as fl otation solution. No fox was found completely negative for intestinal helminths. The most frequently identifi ed nematodes were Uncinaria stenocephala (70.0 %), Molineus legerae (27.2 %), Toxocara canis (26.7 %), Toxascaris leonina (25.6 %), Trichuris vulpis (21.1 %), Aonchotheca putorii (8.9 %), Pterygodermatites affi nis (5.6 %). Genus Mesocestoides (81.7 %), family Dilepididae (29.4 %) and Taenia spp. (8.3 %) were the most prevalent cestodes. All foxes were negative for E. multilocularis and E. granulosus. In two foxes trematodes belonging to the family Plagiorchidae were found. The study highlighted that foxes are hosts of intestinal helminths of veterinary and medical importance which may be transmitted to dogs and humans.

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“…This finding is also consistent with studies of domestic dogs where Cystoisospora and Giardia infections were most prevalent in pups (Barutzki & Schaper, 2003; Bugg, Robertson, Elliot, & Thompson, 1999). In wild canids, comparable indications of age‐related parasite burden have previously only been reported in helminth etiopathology (Guberti, Stancampiano, & Francisci, 1993; Lesniak, Heckmann et al., 2017; Veronesi et al., 2014; Webster et al., 2017). In this study, we investigated this phenomenon accepting that coevolution in a host–parasite arms race can drive hosts to counteract parasite invasion by developing immune defense mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recolonizing gray wolves increase parasite infection risk in their prey

Lesniak

Heckmann

Franz

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The recent recolonization of Central Europe by the European gray wolf (Canis lupus) provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of parasite transmission for cases when a definitive host returns after a phase of local extinction. We investigated whether a newly established wolf population increased the prevalence of those parasites in ungulate intermediate hosts representing wolf prey, whether some parasite species are particularly well adapted to wolves, and the potential basis for such adaptations. We recorded Sarcocystis species richness in wolves and Sarcocystis prevalence in ungulates harvested in study sites with and without permanent wolf presence in Germany using microscopy and DNA metabarcoding. Sarcocystis prevalence in red deer (Cervus elaphus) was significantly higher in wolf areas (79.7%) than in control areas (26.3%) but not in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (97.2% vs. 90.4%) or wild boar (Sus scrofa) (82.8% vs. 64.9%). Of 11 Sarcocystis species, Sarcocystis taeniata and Sarcocystis grueneri occurred more often in wolves than expected from the Sarcocystis infection patterns of ungulate prey. Both Sarcocystis species showed a higher increase in prevalence in ungulates in wolf areas than other Sarcocystis species, suggesting that they are particularly well adapted to wolves, and are examples of “wolf specialists”. Sarcocystis species richness in wolves was significantly higher in pups than in adults. “Wolf specialists” persisted during wolf maturation. The results of this study demonstrate that (1) predator–prey interactions influence parasite prevalence, if both predator and prey are part of the parasite life cycle, (2) mesopredators do not necessarily replace the apex predator in parasite transmission dynamics for particular parasites of which the apex predator is the definitive host, even if meso‐ and apex predators were from the same taxonomic family (here: Canidae, e.g., red foxes Vulpes vulpes), and (3) age‐dependent immune maturation contributes to the control of protozoan infection in wolves.

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Eucoleus boehmi infection in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from Italy

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

OCCURRENCE OF LUNGWORMS IN EUROPEAN WILDCATS (FELIS SILVESTRIS SILVESTRIS) OF CENTRAL ITALY

OCCURRENCE OF LUNGWORMS IN EUROPEAN WILDCATS (FELIS SILVESTRIS SILVESTRIS) OF CENTRAL ITALY

Intestinal helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Italy

Recolonizing gray wolves increase parasite infection risk in their prey

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