Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide modified nano-selenium effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis through enhancing intestinal mucosal barrier function and antioxidant capacity

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is currently the most common inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to its diverse and complex causes, there is no cure at present, and researchers are constantly exploring new therapies. In recent years, nano-selenium particle(SeNP) has attracted wide attention due to excellent biological activities. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we used a natural polysaccharide, Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide (EUP), modified SeNP to get EUP-SeNP with a size of about 170 nm, and its effect on 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis was explored. Our results showed that colon intestinal histology, intestinal mucosal barrier, inflammatory cytokines and intestinal microbiome composition were changed after EUP-SeNP treatment in colitis mice. Specifically, it was also shown that oral treatment of EUP-SeNP could relieve the degree of DSS-induced colitis in mice by restoring weight loss, reducing disease activity index (DAI), enhancing colon antioxidant capacity and regulating intestinal microbiome composition. In addition, we verified the mechanism in intestinal epithelial cell lines, showing that EUP-SeNP inhibited LPS-induced activation of the TRL-4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cell lines. To some extend, our study provides therapeutic reference for the treatment of IBD.

Melanin Nanoparticle-Modified Probiotics for Targeted Synergistic Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis

“…All of the above results showed that the model mice treated with Lf@MPB had different degrees of remission. Notably, experiments on MNPs for biomedical applications have shown that a reduction in diameter size can significantly improve their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and enhance cellular uptake. − Ultrasmall soluble melanin nanoparticles are expected to exert enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties due to their higher surface/volume ratio. ,, Moreover, inflammation occurs with the infiltration of neutrophils into the inflamed colonic region and the activation of macrophages leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. − Therefore, for the therapeutic efficacy of Lf@MPB, ELISA kits were used to assess the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the mouse colon, including the expression of TNF-α (Figure g), IL-6 (Figure h), IL-1β (Figure i) and IL-10 anti-inflammatory factors (Figure j). As shown in Figure g–i, the DSS group showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β compared with the healthy group.…”

“…55−57 Ultrasmall soluble melanin nanoparticles are expected to exert enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties due to their higher surface/volume ratio. 39,58,59 Moreover, inflammation occurs with the infiltration of neutrophils into the inflamed colonic region and the activation of macrophages leading to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. 59−63 Therefore, for the therapeutic efficacy of Lf@MPB, ELISA kits were used to assess the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the mouse colon, including the expression of TNF-α (Figure 5g), IL-6 (Figure 5h), IL-1β (Figure 5i) and IL-10 anti-inflammatory factors (Figure 5j).…”

Biological properties and potential application of extracts and compounds from different medicinal parts (bark, leaf, staminate flower, and seed) of Eucommia ulmoides: A review

“…These polysaccharides also increase the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the serum of oxidative stress model mice, reduce MDA levels, and upregulate the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the liver and kidney tissues, downregulating the mRNA expression of Keap1 [ 52 ]. These polysaccharides further increase the levels of CAT, T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px in the colon tissue of mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, reduce MDA levels, and significantly enhance antioxidant capacity in vivo [ 53 ] The total flavonoids of EB have strong reducing ability for iron ions and strong scavenging ability for OH radicals [ 54 ]; reduce the serum MDA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels induced by vomiting toxins in weaned piglets, and increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px [ 55 ]. They also increase the content of anti-oxidant factor T-AOC and increase the activity of SOD and CAT in the serum of mice with type two diabetes mellites (T2DM), while reducing the content of ROS in pancreatic mitochondria, indicating that EB flavonoids have strong in vivo and in vitro anti-oxidant capacity [ 56 ].…”

“…The EB polysaccharides reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-α in the colon tissue of mice with DSS-induced colitis, increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, inhibit the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α, and increase the mRNA expression of IL-10 in LPS-induced IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells. The mechanism is related to the inhibition of the activity of the Toll-like receptor 4(TRL4)/NF-κB signaling pathway [ 80 ]. In addition, the EB polysaccharides inhibit the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway mediated by microglia by reducing the release of LPS.…”

Nano-Selenium Alleviates Cd-Induced Chronic Colitis through Intestinal Flora

“…Compared with organic Se, nano-Se has lower toxicity. These SeNPs effectively safeguard intestinal epithelial cells in both animals and humans [29,30]. Due to its notable antibacterial and cancer-resistant attributes and high bioavailability, nano-Se has been extensively applied to treat inflammation and oxidation-mediated disorders, including diabetes and cancer [31][32][33].…”