Eugenol Modulates Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Through the Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Human Osteoblasts

Up-regulation of Receptor Activator Nuclear Factor–Kappa B Ligand Expression by Root Canal Sealers in Human Osteoblastic Cells

“…Eugenol is a tissue irritant that has been found to induce inflammatory reaction on oral mucosal membrane (34). Recently, eugenol was also found to activate the inflammatory mediators NF-kB and COX-2 protein expression in MG63 human osteoblast cell line (35). This might be the possible mechanism by which Canals, N2, and AH 26 can induce apical periodontitis lesions via RANKL expression.…”

In Vivo Host Interactions with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Hydroxide: Inflammatory Molecular Signaling Assessment

“…It is widely known that the activation of NF-kB is implicated in the induction of gene expression of COX-2 and iNOS (22,34). COX-2 has been known as the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin in the acute and chronic inflammatory states (18). iNOS synthesizes nitric oxide, which induces dilatation of blood vessels and enhances COX-2 catalytic activity (22).…”

“…NF-kB is an inducible transcription factor that consists of heterodimers of RelA (p65), c-Rel, RelB, p50, and p52 and acts as a central coordinator of innate and adaptive immune responses. While being activated, NF-kB undergoes phosphorylation and translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to a unique decameric DNA nucleotide sequence, which promotes gene transcription (18). A cytokine-mediated activation of NF-kB in macrophages induced an upregulation in the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzymes (iNOS) at the early stages of the inflammatory cascade (19)(20)(21).…”

Up-regulation of Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain 1 in Inflamed Human Dental Pulp

“…Cell lysates were harvested for Western blotting analysis, and the supernatants were stored at À80 C for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The viability of the treated cells was also analyzed by methylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium assay (20).…”