Euglena sp. as a suitable source of lipids for potential use as biofuel and sustainable wastewater treatment

Mahapatra, Durga Madhab; Chanakya, H. N.; Ramachandra, T. V.

doi:10.1007/s10811-013-9979-5

Cited by 134 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…They suggested that this behavior indicated a change in the composition of the cell membrane when cells shift from the exponential growth phase to the stationary phase. Mahapatra et al (2013) showed that Euglena cultivated in wastewater had a high lipid content, 24.6% of dry weight, with a biomass density of 1.24 g dry weight/L. The lipids contained 13 different types of fatty acids and approximately 50% were unsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Optimization Of Culture Conditions For Enhanced Wax Ester Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax Ester Fermentation and Its Application for Biofuel Production

Inui

Ishikawa

Tamoi

2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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In Euglena cells under anaerobic conditions, paramylon, the storage polysaccharide, is promptly degraded and converted to wax esters. The wax esters synthesized are composed of saturated fatty acids and alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18, and the major constituents are myristic acid and myristyl alcohol. Since the anaerobic cells gain ATP through the conversion of paramylon to wax esters, the phenomenon is named "wax ester fermentation". The wax ester fermentation is quite unique in that the end products, i.e. wax esters, have relatively high molecular weights, are insoluble in water, and accumulate in the cells, in contrast to the common fermentation end products such as lactic acid and ethanol.A unique metabolic pathway involved in the wax ester fermentation is the mitochondrial fatty acid synthetic system. In this system, fatty acid are synthesized by the reversal of β-oxidation with an exception that trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase functions instead of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Therefore, acetyl-CoA is directly used as a C donor in this fatty acid synthesis, and the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which requires ATP, is not necessary. Consequently, the mitochondrial fatty acid synthetic system makes possible the net gain of ATP through the synthesis of wax esters from paramylon. In addition, acetyl-CoA is provided in the anaerobic cells from pyruvate by the action of a unique enzyme, oxygen sensitive pyruvate:NADP oxidoreductase, instead of the common pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex.Wax esters produced by anaerobic Euglena are promising biofuels because myristic acid (C) in contrast to other algal produced fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (C) and stearic acid (C), has a low freezing point making it suitable as a drop-in jet fuel. To improve wax ester production, the molecular mechanisms by which wax ester fermentation is regulated in response to aerobic and anaerobic conditions have been gradually elucidated by identifying individual genes related to the wax ester fermentation metabolic pathway and by comprehensive gene/protein expression analysis. In addition, expression of the cyanobacterial Calvin cycle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase/sedohepturose-1,7-bisphosphatase, in Euglena provided photosynthesis resulting in increased paramylon accumulation enhancing wax ester production. This chapter will discuss the biochemistry of the wax ester fermentation, recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of the wax ester fermentation and genetic engineering approaches to increase production of wax esters for biofuels.

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Section: Optimization Of Culture Conditions For Enhanced Wax Ester Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax Ester Fermentation and Its Application for Biofuel Production

Inui

Ishikawa

Tamoi

2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…Oxygen produced by the photosynthetic microalgae would allow treatment of wastewater via oxidation as well as aeration of treatment ponds, without the need of mechanical aeration and thus reducing operational costs. This type of integrated system allows for an economically viable method to both treat wastewater as well as culturing microalgae for biofuel (Mahapatra et al, 2013). Olguín et al (2003) describe a system where 84 to 96% of nitrogen and 72 to 87% of phosphorus was removed from the anaerobic effluent of piggery wastewater by growing algae, thereby reducing eutrophication in the environment.…”

Section: Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

Moejes¹,

Moejes²

2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that inhabit diverse ecological habitats ranging from freshwater and brackish water to seawater and wastewater. They are also especially equipped to thrive in extreme temperatures and pH conditions. Decades of research have highlighted their potential as sources of biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bio-actives. However, industrial-scale cultivation of microalgae is still not being carried out to its full potential. This review aims to shed light on the potential of microalgal-derived food, feed and fuel in developing countries and to what extent microalgae could be applied to sustainable development efforts with a special focus on Kenya. The Kenyan government has set out a development policy termed 'Kenya Vision 2030' that aims to transform the nation into a newly industrialised country with a high quality of life for all its people by the year 2030. Here we show that, not only does Kenya lie in an optimal geographical region for microalgal cultivation, but that microalgae has the capability to fulfil some of the 'Kenya Vision 2030' goals.

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“…Recent studies have identified candidate species for biofuel production within several microalgal groups, including Chlorophyta, Heterokontophyta (including Bacillariophyceae [diatoms] and Eustigmatophyceae), Haptophyta, Rhodophyta, and Dinophyceae (Fuentes-Grünewald et al, 2009;Oh et al, 2009;Rodolfi et al, 2009;Mahapatra et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Accumulation by the Oleaginous Diatom Fistulifera solaris as Revealed by the Genome and Transcriptome

et al. 2015

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Oleaginous photosynthetic organisms such as microalgae are promising sources for biofuel production through the generation of carbon-neutral sustainable energy. However, the metabolic mechanisms driving high-rate lipid production in these oleaginous organisms remain unclear, thus impeding efforts to improve productivity through genetic modifications. We analyzed the genome and transcriptome of the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580. Next-generation sequencing technology provided evidence of an allodiploid genome structure, suggesting unorthodox molecular evolutionary and genetic regulatory systems for reinforcing metabolic efficiencies. Although major metabolic pathways were shared with nonoleaginous diatoms, transcriptome analysis revealed unique expression patterns, such as concomitant upregulation of fatty acid/triacylglycerol biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation (b-oxidation) in concert with ATP production. This peculiar pattern of gene expression may account for the simultaneous growth and oil accumulation phenotype and may inspire novel biofuel production technology based on this oleaginous microalga.

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Euglena sp. as a suitable source of lipids for potential use as biofuel and sustainable wastewater treatment

Cited by 134 publications

References 58 publications

Wax Ester Fermentation and Its Application for Biofuel Production

Wax Ester Fermentation and Its Application for Biofuel Production

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

Oil Accumulation by the Oleaginous Diatom Fistulifera solaris as Revealed by the Genome and Transcriptome

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