Euglenida

Leander, Brian S.; Lax, Gordon; Karnkowska, Anna; Simpson, Alastair G. B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_13

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Euglenids are versatile organisms that possess a variety of nutritional strategies, including eukaryotrophy, bacteriotrophy, and osmotrophy ( Leander et al. 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Uniquely Complex Mitochondrial Proteome from Euglena gracilis

Hammond

Nenarokova

Butenko

et al. 2020

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Euglena gracilis is a metabolically flexible, photosynthetic, and adaptable free-living protist of considerable environmental importance and biotechnological value. By label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, a total of 1,786 proteins were identified from the E. gracilis purified mitochondria, representing one of the largest mitochondrial proteomes so far described. Despite this apparent complexity, protein machinery responsible for the extensive RNA editing, splicing, and processing in the sister clades diplonemids and kinetoplastids is absent. This strongly suggests that the complex mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression in diplonemids and kinetoplastids occurred late in euglenozoan evolution, arising independently. By contrast, the alternative oxidase pathway and numerous ribosomal subunits presumed to be specific for parasitic trypanosomes are present in E. gracilis. We investigated the evolution of unexplored protein families, including import complexes, cristae formation proteins, and translation termination factors, as well as canonical and unique metabolic pathways. We additionally compare this mitoproteome with the transcriptome of Eutreptiella gymnastica, illuminating conserved features of Euglenida mitochondria as well as those exclusive to E. gracilis. This is the first mitochondrial proteome of a free-living protist from the Excavata and one of few available for protists as a whole. This study alters our views of the evolution of the mitochondrion and indicates early emergence of complexity within euglenozoan mitochondria, independent of parasitism.

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“…Euglenids are versatile organisms that possess a variety of nutritional strategies, including eukaryotrophy, bacteriotrophy, and osmotrophy ( Leander et al. 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Uniquely Complex Mitochondrial Proteome from Euglena gracilis

Hammond

Nenarokova

Butenko

et al. 2020

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…Many species of euglenids are capable of performing large amplitude, elegantly coordinated cell body deformations. This behavior is referred to as the euglenoid movement or metaboly 1,2,3. Depending on the species and within a species, metaboly can range from rounding and gentle bending or twisting to periodic highly concerted peristaltic waves traveling along the cell body.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming Euglena respond to confinement with a behavioural change enabling effective crawling

et al. 2019

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Some euglenids, a family of aquatic unicellular organisms, can develop highly concerted, large amplitude peristaltic body deformations. This remarkable behavior has been known for centuries. Yet, its function remains controversial, and is even viewed as a functionless ancestral vestige. Here, by examining swimming Euglena gracilis in environments of controlled crowding and geometry, we show that this behavior is triggered by confinement. Under these conditions, it allows cells to switch from unviable flagellar swimming to a new and highly robust mode of fast crawling, which can deal with extreme geometric confinement and turn both frictional and hydraulic resistance into propulsive forces. To understand how a single cell can control such an adaptable and robust mode of locomotion, we developed a computational model of the motile apparatus of Euglena cells consisting of an active striated cell envelope. Our modeling shows that gait adaptability does not require specific mechanosensitive feedback but instead can be explained by the mechanical self-regulation of an elastic and extended motor system. Our study thus identifies a locomotory function and the operating principles of the adaptable peristaltic body deformation of Euglena cells.

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“…The plasma membrane is organized in ridge/groove units, reminiscent of the lips of Chroomonas mesostigmatica , but the units are closely spaced and are aligned in anterior-posterior rows called strips. Each strip is subtended by a patterned microtubular cytoskeleton ( 12 , 133 – 137 ), and in most species the strips adopt a helical twist over the length of the organism ( 11 ). The ridge/groove units are also aligned along the left-right axis, with the ridge of one unit facing the groove of the unit on the adjacent strip.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epiplasts: Membrane Skeletons and Epiplastin Proteins in Euglenids, Glaucophytes, Cryptophytes, Ciliates, Dinoflagellates, and Apicomplexans

Goodenough

Roth

Kariyawasam

et al. 2018

mBio

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Membrane skeletons associate with the inner surface of the plasma membrane to provide support for the fragile lipid bilayer and an elastic framework for the cell itself. Several radiations, including animals, organize such skeletons using actin/spectrin proteins, but four major radiations of eukaryotic unicellular organisms, including disease-causing parasites such as Plasmodium, have been known to construct an alternative and essential skeleton (the epiplast) using a class of proteins that we term epiplastins. We have identified epiplastins in two additional radiations and present images of their epiplasts using electron microscopy. We analyze the sequences and secondary structure of 219 epiplastins and present an in-depth overview and analysis of their known and posited roles in cellular organization and parasite infection. An understanding of epiplast assembly may suggest therapeutic approaches to combat infectious agents such as Plasmodium as well as approaches to the engineering of useful viscoelastic biofilms.

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Euglenida

Cited by 23 publications

References 160 publications

A Uniquely Complex Mitochondrial Proteome from Euglena gracilis

A Uniquely Complex Mitochondrial Proteome from Euglena gracilis

Swimming Euglena respond to confinement with a behavioural change enabling effective crawling

Epiplasts: Membrane Skeletons and Epiplastin Proteins in Euglenids, Glaucophytes, Cryptophytes, Ciliates, Dinoflagellates, and Apicomplexans

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