Euphorbia prostata Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Activity in Downregulating the Increased Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract

Background: Euphorbia prostrata constitutes a herbal medication widely used to cure numerous inflammatory diseases occurring either alone or in conjunction with other herbal formulations. The research conducted was devised with the aim of determining the effect of Euphorbia prostrata hydroalcoholic leaf extract on paw swelling, joint destruction, and the formation of inflammation-producing cytokines in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Hydroalcoholic Euphorbia prostrata extract and a reference drug (indomethacin 3mg/kg), were both administered orally on a daily basis at varying doses; low (50 mg/kg), medium (100 mg/kg), and high (200 mg/kg) for a period of 21 days. Other parameters affecting the functional components of bone include joint diameter measurements and histopathological investigations. Immunohistochemical analysis of Interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) and Nuclear Factor(NF-κB)in ankle joint tissue was performed. Results: The research findings indicated that a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in inflammation results from the administering of Euphorbia prostrata at varying doses. A 200mg/kg dose of Euphorbia prostrata with a significance of p<0.001 produced a marked reduction in both inflammation and joint dysfunction. It was concluded, therefore, that such a dose attenuates paw oedema and inflammation, while also reversing bone damage through the inhibition of activated pro-inflammatory mediators and, specifically, NF-κB-mediated production of cytokines. Conclusion: The research presented here concludes that Euphorbia prostrata hydroalcoholic extract can be potentially employed in the treatment and management of rheumatoid arthritis since it reduces symptoms of inflammation, inhibits macrophage activity and modulates IL-1, IL-6 and NF-κB.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and analgesic potential of aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia prostrata ait. and Crotalaria burhia Buch–Ham

“…Therefore, the earlier studies and yet these outcomes described here might suggest that all of the extracts used within the acetic-acid induced writhing experiment showed antinociceptive activity that might be attributed to inhibition through resident peritoneal cells contributes to the release of IL-1, IL-8 and TNFα [ 52 ]. A recent report also evidenced that aqueous-ethanolic crude extract of E. prostrata reduced the inflammation as well as oedema by inhibition proinflammatory cytokines modulating IL-1 via NF-κB dependent pathway [ 53 ] supporting its effect in regulation of immune response via reducing pain and augmenting phagocytic index.…”

Memory enhancing potential of Euphorbia prostrata through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti acetylcholinesterase effect against Scopolamine -induced Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar albino rats

“…The constant stimulation of the brain's macrophages (microglia) may serve as a link in the progression of the pathogenesis of AD by exacerbating amyloid and tau proteins [34]. Some studies already revealed the anti-inflammatory potential of E. prostrata [35][36][37]. The consequences of the present study showed the significant anti-inflammatory potential of E. prostrata measured by the reduced level of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.)…”

Antiarthritic potential of the butanol fraction of Sesuvium sesuvioides: An in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation

“…A number of medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have been used to relieve arthritis for thousands of years (Gupta et al, 2020). Many plant-based constituents possess significant therapeutic values, such as downregulation of inflammatory channels, and are potential candidates for the treatment of arthritis (Hariyadi and Sahu, 2020). The presence of a number of phytochemicals belonging to the phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids, saponins, and fatty acid esters has been reported in S. sesuvioides by GC-MS analysis (Sajid-Ur- Rehman et al, 2021).…”