Euphorbia yadgirensis is a new species described and illustrated from the scrub forest of Rayangole village, Yadgiri District of Karnataka, India. It belongs to E. subg. Chamaesyce sect. Hypercifoliae and resembles Euphorbia kadapensis. However, it differs in nature of stipules and bracteole, structure of limbs, lack of sutures on capsules, etc.