Environmental stress as a consequence of anthropic pressures can affect
the physiological condition of animals and cause damage to their DNA.
Multiple studies have shown genotoxic effects of different pollutants;
however, to our knowledge, the impact of environmental stress on genetic
damage has been scarce explored. In some stressful ecosystems, such as
seasonally dry tropical forests, the combined effects of anthropogenic
activities and ongoing global changes cause increased environmental
stresses that could trigger physiological and genetic effects on
biodiversity. In this study, we evaluated the changes in the prevalence
of genotoxic damage to birds in three states of forest degradation in
the Tumbesian Region of Western Ecuador. We used the blood samples of 52
bird species to determine the frequency of micronucleus and nuclear
abnormalities in the erythrocytes. Our results showed a significant
effect of forest degradation in the proportion of micronucleus and
nuclear abnormalities at the community level, localities with higher
degradation showed higher levels of abnormalities. However, when
analyzing the dominant species, we found contrasting responses. While
Amazilis amazilia and Lepidocolaptes souleyetii showed a reduction in
the proportion of nuclear abnormalities from the natural to
shrub-dominated localities, Troglodytes aedon and Polioptila plumbea
showed an increase. We concluded that the degradation process of these
tropical forests increases the stress on the bird community generating
genotoxic damage to the bird community. Bird responses seem
species-specific, which could explain the differences in changes in bird
composition reported in other studies.