Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Fall 2021: Competition and Firm Recovery post COVID-19

,

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1802-8

2021

DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1802-8

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Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Fall 2021: Competition and Firm Recovery post COVID-19

Abstract: Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 This work is a product of the staff of The orld Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The orld Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications

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Does poverty increase COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country analysis

2022

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Background Most economies in African countries are informal. As such, households in these countries tend to face higher levels of informality coupled with a lack of social protection, and have no replacement income or savings in the event of unexpected external shocks, such as COVID-19. Thus, the COVID-19 shock and its negative economic effects triggered a cascade of income losses and bankruptcies that pushed a significant share of households in African countries into poverty. This research analyzes the effect of poverty on the spread of COVID-19 using a sample of 52 African countries. Methods To achieve the objective of this research, this paper uses a multiple linear regression model and a sample of 52 African countries observed in 2020 to conduct a cross-country analysis. More importantly, two COVID-19 indicators (total number of officially reported cases and disease severity) and six poverty indicators (average poverty, poverty incidence, poverty depth, poverty severity, multidimensional poverty index, and extreme poverty) were used in this research. Results The results show a positive and significant relationship between poverty and the spread of COVID-19. Conclusions These results suggest that more attention needs to be paid to poor populations in African countries during the pandemic. These populations are generally vulnerable, and there is a need for support programs targeting them to be put in place quickly. These programs may include food aid, distribution of supplies, health care support, fee waivers, and interest deferrals. In addition, sensitization of these disadvantaged groups on vaccination against COVID-19 to achieve herd immunity is strongly encouraged.

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Does poverty increase COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country analysis

2022

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Assessment of ecosystem services of the north-western part of the Black sea: state, problems and prospects

Safranov

Berlinsky

Hadri

et al. 2022

Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series Geology. Geography. Ecology

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Formulation of the problem. Ecosystem services are resources and benefits that modern humanity can receive from the nature. It is the material benefit from abiogenic and biogenic components of various natural ecosystems. There were not large-scale studies according of evaluation ecosystem services in the Ukrainian water area of the Black Sea before, it is the actual environmental and socio-economic problem. Review of previous publications. The main approach to evaluating the state of ecosystems in the EU countries based on the choice of load indicators on the ecosystems and their mapping. Multi-level approach implies the next steps: detection and evaluation of services (indicators, borders, quantitative assessment); calculations and a demonstration of value (assessment in physical units and money equivalent); court fixation and solutions (tools - subsidies, taxes, payments for ecosystem services, etc.). Purpose. The man goal of the paper is analysis and estimation of modern state of ecosystem services, methods and perspectives of their using. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the critical analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of ecosystem services of marine and coastal ecosystems. During the preparing of the paper published data had been used, as well as the materials of personal research on various aspects of the evaluation of ecosystem services of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea. Results. Marine and coastal ecosystems play a critical role in providing key services such as food supply, sequestration of anthropogenic carbon, waste management, biological regulation and the provision of habitat for hydrobionts. However, along with other ecosystems, today they are under serious anthropogenic pressure. Some types of anthropogenic activities have a very negative effect to the condition of natural ecosystems and to receive of their services. The ecosystems of the Northwestern part of the Black Sea are the living place of numerous organisms. These ecosystems consist on supporting services. Important regulatory services provide wetlands protected by the Ramsar Convention. The most intense cycle of nutrient substances occurs in the river’s mouth areas. The marine environment absorbs, disinfects and processes all sorts of waste production and consumption. Conclusions. Take into account of the limited information of the of ecosystem services under the Northwestern part of the Black Sea, the first task is to determine the needs of local populations for these services, collection and generalization of information about their condition, coordination of their assessment methods for the region and the evaluation itself.

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Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Fall 2021: Competition and Firm Recovery post COVID-19

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Does poverty increase COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country analysis

Does poverty increase COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country analysis

Assessment of ecosystem services of the north-western part of the Black sea: state, problems and prospects

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