The authors wish to thank the MIGS center (Zentrum für Migrations-und Integrationsstudien) of the Pädagogische Hochschule Schwäbisch Gmünd for making possible the eponymous conference Limits and borders of the European Union on which this issue is a belated outcome.
The comeback of borders (but they were never away)The construction of borders on the outside and the dismantling and differentiation of borders on the inside are core elements of establishing and consolidating political authority. This is the thrust of historical-comparative social research (Bartolini, 2005). Borders, however, have long been sidelined in the public debate and even in social sciences (Immerfall, 1998). According to a 2005 New York Times bestseller, the world is "flat" -or at least "flattening" -in the sense that people from different corners of the world can collaborate and compete on equal footing and in real time (Friedman, 2005). Borders become less and less important because "in a flat world you can innovate without having to emigrate" (ibid, 216). Yet, history took a different course. Western democracy's supposedly unstoppable triumphal march after 1989 came to a grinding halt and globalisation turned out to be a project for segregation and polarisation as much as for connecting places and people.