Europe’s Migration Agreements with Migrant‐Sending Countries in the Global South: A Critical Review

Adepoju, Aderanti; Noorloos, Femke van; Zoomers, Annelies

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00529.x

Cited by 87 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It became a political issue only during the 1990s following an increasing concern about "sex trafficking", and growing migration flows in Europe more generally, triggering a number of national and international "antitrafficking" measures in the late 1990s and 2000s (Adepoju, Noorloos, & Zoomers, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration, Sex Work and Exploitative Labor Conditions: Experiences of Nigerian Women in the Sex Industry in Turin, Italy, and Counter-Trafficking Measures

Baye¹,

Heumann

2014

Gender, Technology and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article undertakes a critical analysis of counter-trafficking measures in Italy, particularly the Social Protection Program introduced under the 1998 Migration Law for victims experiencing violence and "extreme exploitation", in relation to the experiences of Nigerian sex workers in the city of Turin. The experiences of Nigerian sex workers in Turin are diverse and complex, as most of the women are undocumented, making them highly vulnerable to exploitative debt and labor contracts, as well as abuse and violence from employers, clients and government authorities. This research found that while the protection program has been fortunate for some beneficiaries, it fails to address the vulnerabilities faced by migrant sex workers. One of the shortcomings of the program Eneze Modupe-Oluwa Baye, MA in Development Studies from the International Institute of Social Studies, The Hague.is that it protects victims only if they suffer severe forms of violence, provide information that helps in the arrest of traffickers, and tell a "convincing story" that underscores their role as "innocent victims." It ignores the complexity of the experiences of undocumented migrants who engage in commercial sex work and the multiple challenges they face. It overemphasizes a particular and narrowly defined form of victimization while rendering other forms of victimization invisible. Counter-trafficking measures may offer a modicum of protection for a specific and small group of undocumented migrants in the sex industry. However, when combined with increasing restrictions on migration and sex work, the counter-trafficking measures actually increase the vulnerability of the majority of migrant sex workers, and strengthen the networks of traffickers.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration, Sex Work and Exploitative Labor Conditions: Experiences of Nigerian Women in the Sex Industry in Turin, Italy, and Counter-Trafficking Measures

Baye¹,

Heumann

2014

Gender, Technology and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They may be unilateral, bilateral or multilateral state undertakings (Gammeltoft‐Hansen, ). Individual EU Member States may also enter informal agreements to collaborate on migration issues with private actors, groups or organizations (Adepoju et al, , p. 43; Frelick et al, ; Palm, ) . A number of migration partnerships between the EU and third countries were established as a result of the mass influx of migrants in 2015 – which challenged the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) – with the aim of regulating transnational migratory flows.…”

Section: The Eu's Externalized Border Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Externalized Migration Governance and the Limits of Sovereignty: The Case of Partnership Agreements between EU and Libya

Palm

2020

Theoria

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Can state sovereignty justify privileged receiving countries exercising authority over non‐members in a third country to safeguard their own interests? Under the current migration governance of the EU, state sovereignty is manifested in migrant interdiction, interception and detention policies employed to prevent unauthorized migrants from reaching the EU, and even from attempting to embark on cross‐Mediterranean journeys. While reinforcement of the Schengen region's external borders is a key aim of the EU's internal migration politics, collaboration with third countries regarding migration control has, in the last decade, become a key feature of its external migration policy. In close collaboration with third countries, the EU has managed to curb the outflux of migrants from transit and sending countries. In effect, irregular migrants are prevented from exiting as well as from entering. This article explores the justifiability of such practices, by questioning commonly invoked models of justification such as the sovereignty “model”, with a special focus on partnership agreements regarding migration control between the EU and Libya.

show abstract

“…Many temporary migration programs in the world are regulated by bilateral and multilateral migration agreements developed between countries in the West (e.g., Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Spain; see Castles, 2006) and migrant-sending countries in the developing world (Adepoju et al, 2010). Many temporary migration programs in the world are regulated by bilateral and multilateral migration agreements developed between countries in the West (e.g., Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Spain; see Castles, 2006) and migrant-sending countries in the developing world (Adepoju et al, 2010).…”

Section: Migration Governance: the Shift To Bilateral Agreementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of government regulation on recruitment process, rights, wages and working conditions of labor migrants in the Israeli construction sector

Kushnirovich

Raijman

Barak-Bianco

2018

European Management Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To determine the impact of evolving forms of governance on migrant workers’ rights and employment conditions in Israel we first probe the extensive private recruitment industry that developed in Israel before the implementation of bilateral agreements, and examine migrant workers’ employment conditions and wages. Next we show the importance of bilateral agreements for the annulment of illicit practices in labor recruitment, as well as the practical consequences for migrants under the new arrangement. Specifically we scrutinize the impact of implementation of bilateral agreements in the construction sector on recruitment practices and fees, wage levels, and work conditions. Implementation of bilateral agreement were accompanied by dramatic decrease in the sums paid by migrant workers to reach the host country – but did not significantly improve workers’ rights, and their wages even declined. The mechanisms whereby a pool of precarious workers has emerged in the local labor market in Israel are highlighted.

show abstract

Europe’s Migration Agreements with Migrant‐Sending Countries in the Global South: A Critical Review

Abstract: The past two decades have seen the steady emergence of various bilateral and multilateral migration agreements between Europe and migrantsending countries in the global South.

Cited by 87 publications

References 4 publications

Migration, Sex Work and Exploitative Labor Conditions: Experiences of Nigerian Women in the Sex Industry in Turin, Italy, and Counter-Trafficking Measures

Migration, Sex Work and Exploitative Labor Conditions: Experiences of Nigerian Women in the Sex Industry in Turin, Italy, and Counter-Trafficking Measures

Externalized Migration Governance and the Limits of Sovereignty: The Case of Partnership Agreements between EU and Libya

The impact of government regulation on recruitment process, rights, wages and working conditions of labor migrants in the Israeli construction sector

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About