European and Northwest African Middle Pleistocene Hominids

Howell, F. Clark

doi:10.1086/200100

Cited by 145 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In my opinion, additional finds and study have now clarified that even the earliest part of the European lineage, that appears to have culminated in Neandertals, should be excluded from H. erectus (Howell, 1960) and placed in the taxon Homo heidelbergensis (Rightmire, 1988(Rightmire, , 1998aWood and Richmond, 2000), as erected for the Mauer mandible (Schoetensack, 1908). Some limit this designation to the evolving Neandertal lineage, thus including European Middle Pleistocene remains such as Steinheim, Mauer of course, and Ceprano.…”

Section: A View Of the Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Natural history ofHomo erectus

Antón

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

416

154

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Our view of H. erectus is vastly different today than when Pithecanthropus erectus was described in 1894. Since its synonimization into Homo, views of the species and its distribution have varied from a single, widely dispersed, polytypic species ultimately ancestral to all later Homo, to a derived, regional isolate ultimately marginal to later hominin evolution. A revised chronostratigraphic framework and recent work bearing either directly or indirectly on reconstructions of life-history patterns are reviewed here and, together with a review of the cranial and postcranial anatomy of H. erectus, are used to generate a natural history of the species. Here I argue that H. erectus is a hominin, notable for its increased body size, that originates in the latest Pliocene/earliest Pleistocene of Africa and quickly disperses into Western and Eastern Asia. It is also an increasingly derived hominin with several regional morphs sustained by intermittent isolation, particularly in Southeast Asia. This view differs from several current views, most especially that which recognizes only a single hominin species in the Pleistocene, H. sapiens, and those which would atomize H. erectus into a multiplicity of taxa. Following Jolly ([2001] Yrbk Phys Anthropol 44:177-204), the regional morphs of H. erectus may be productively viewed as geographically replacing allotaxa, rather than as the focus of unresolvable species debates. Such a view allows us to focus on the adaptations and biology of local groups, including questions of biogeographic isolation and local adaptation. A number of issues remain unresolved, including the significance of diversity in size and shape in the early African and Georgian records.

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Section: A View Of the Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A number of arguments have been proposed for this delay, from the structure of the carnivore guild to the harshness of the climate (Turner, 1992;Roebroks, 2001). It seems likely that the lineage that first populates Europe is ultimately ancestral to Neandertals, but is anatomically distinct from H. erectus (sensu Howell, 1960).…”

Section: Republic Of Georgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history ofHomo erectus

Antón

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

416

154

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“…La similitud morfológica entre los dientes de los fósiles asiáticos y norteafrÍCanos del Pleistoceno medio ha sido señalada por varias autores (Howell, 1960;Arambourg, 1963;Thoma y Vallois, 1977). Howell (1960) observó también una clara disimilitud morfológica entre los dientes de aqu-ellos y los de los fósiles europeos mesopliesto-cenos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Howell (1960) observó también una clara disimilitud morfológica entre los dientes de aqu-ellos y los de los fósiles europeos mesopliesto-cenos. Este último autor, ante la evidencia manifestada por los restos fósiles de Europa, norte de Africa y este de Asia, sugiere que dos líneas de homínidos estaban bien diferenciadas en el Pleistoceno medio: una representada por los fósiles del norte de Africa y del este de Asia y otra por los fósiles europeos, grupo este último constituido entonces por Mauer, Montmaurin, Steinheim y Swanscombe.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Castro

1987

Estud. geol.

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RESUMENEste trabajo contiene el estudio morfológico comparado de un tota] de 68 dientes humanos fósiles recuperados en la Sima de los Huesos, yacimiento situado en el sistema kárstico Cueva Mayor-Cueva del Silo (Sierra de Atapuerca, Ibeas de Juarros, Burgos). La morfología de los dientes de Ibeas se ajusta a un modelo de expansión de la dentición anterior que caracteriza a todas las poblaciones humanas del Pleistoceno medio, y a un modelo de reducción estructural de la dentición posterior que caracteriza a la población europea de dicho periodo. Los dientes de Ibeas comparten diversos rasgos morfológicos con los dientes de otros fósiles mesopleistocenos de Europa, norte de Africa y este de Asia. Sin embargo, el grupo europeo, en el que se incluyen los fósiles de Ibeas, presenta diferencias importantes en la morfología de los dientes con los otros dos grupos, lo que permite reforzar la tesis de que una línea independiente de homínidos estaba establecida en Europa durante el Pleistoceno medio. Los dientes de Ibeas, por otra parte, aportan nueva evidencia para apoyar la hipótesis de una estrecha relación filogénetica entre la población Europea del Pleistoceno medio y los neandertales y, en consecuencia, de una evolución local durante dicho periodo y la fase temprana del Pleistoceno superior. Palabras clave: Pleistoceno medio, Sierra de Atapuerca, Dientes humanos, Morfología.ABSTRACT This paper contains a morphological and comparative study of 68 human fossil teeth recovered from the "Sima de los Huesos" site of the Cueva Mayor-Cueva del Silo karst system (Sierra de Atapuerca, Ibeas de Juarros, Burgos). The morphology of the Ibeas teeth conforms with a pattern of expansion of the anterior dentition characterizing aH the Middle Pleistocene human populations, and with a pattern of structural reduction of the posterior teeth characterizing the European population of that periodo The Ibeas teeth share several morphological traits with those of other European, North African and Asian Middle Pleistocene fossils. However, the tooth morphology of the European group, in which the Ibeas fossils are included, shows remarkable differences with that of the other groups. This fact permits to reinforce the thesis that a distinctive hominid lineage was established in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. On the other hand, the Ibeas teeth bring forward new evidence to support the hypothesis of a close filogenetic relationship between the Middle Pleistocene European population and the Nearderthals and, accordingly, of a local evolution during that period and the Early Upper Pleistocene.

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Allometric patterns of cranial bone thickness in fossil hominids

Gauld

1996

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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The interspecific allometry of five measures of total cranial bone thickness is examined in 10 extant catarrhine genera and two fossil hominid samples representing A. africanus and Asian H. erectus. Analysis of the modern sample shows that most interspecific variation in vault thickness can be accounted for by variation in body size. Correlation values are moderate to high (r = 0.75-0.98), and all variables exhibit positive allometry. The bone thickness: body mass relationship of modern humans broadly conforms with that of other primates. However, in the distribution of relative thickness throughout the skull, H. sapiens is distinguished by relative thickening of the parietal and extreme relative thinning of the temporal squama. The bone thickness: body mass relationship in the two early hominid species is examined using published mean body weight estimates generated from post-cranial predictor variables. A. africanus exhibits great similarity to modern humans in its relation to the catarrhine regression data and in the distribution of relative thickness throughout the skull. H. erectus also shows a modern human-like pattern in the distribution of its relative thickness; however, its bone thickness: body mass relationship is dissimilar to that displayed by all other taxa, including the other hominid species. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the published body weight estimate assigned to H. erectus greatly underestimates actual mean body size for Asian members of this species.

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European and Northwest African Middle Pleistocene Hominids

Cited by 145 publications

References 35 publications

Natural history ofHomo erectus

Natural history ofHomo erectus

Untitled

Allometric patterns of cranial bone thickness in fossil hominids

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