European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for standardization of performance, digital storage and reporting of echocardiographic studies

Evangelista, Arturo; Flachskampf, Frank A.; Lancellotti, Patrizio; Badano, Luigi P.; Aguilar, Río; Monaghan, Mark; Zamorano, José Luís; Nihoyannopoulos, Petros

doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jen174

Cited by 333 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The prevalence of LVH, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, as single or combined complication, was significantly lower in the patients with short disease Table 2 Prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic complications in patients with acromegaly and in age-and gender-matched controls. Data are present as n (%) Hypertension, diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg (30); diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose O7 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) at two consecutive measurements or 2 h after the oGTT glucose R11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) (23); impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) !7 at baseline and between R7.7 mmol/l and !11.1 mg/dl 2 h after the oGTT (25); LV hypertrophy (LVH) was considered when LVM indexed for body surface area (LVMi) was R135 g/m 2 in men and R110 g/m 2 in women (21); diastolic dysfunction was diagnosed by an early-to-late mitral flow velocity ratio (E/A) below 1 while systolic dysfunction was diagnosed by a left ventricular ejection fraction below 50% (21,22 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of cardiac disease in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly: results of a 10 year survey study

Colao

Pivonello

Grasso

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Context: The most frequent cause of death in acromegaly is cardiomyopathy. Objective: To evaluate determinants of acromegalic cardiomyopathy. Design: Observational, open, controlled, retrospective study. Subjects: Two hundred and five patients with newly diagnosed active acromegaly (108 women and 97 men; median age 44 years) and 410 non-acromegalic subjects sex-and age-matched with the patients. Main outcome measures: Left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMi), transmitral inflow early-to-atrial (E/A) peak velocity ratio, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by Doppler echocardiography to determine the prevalence of LV hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic and systolic dysfunction. The role of age, estimated disease duration, body mass index, GH and IGF1 levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile and glucose tolerance in determining different features of the acromegalic cardiomyopathy was investigated. Results: Compared with controls, the patients had lower E/A, LVEF, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and higher LVMi, total-and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and HOMA-b. The relative risk to develop mild (odds ratio (OR)Z1.67 (1.05-2.66); PZ0.027) or severe hypertension (ORZ1.58 (1.04-2.32); PZ0.027), arrhythmias (ORZ4.93 (1.74-15.9); PZ0.001), impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (ORZ2.65 (1.70-4.13); P!0.0001), diabetes (ORZ2.14 (1.34-3.40); PZ0.0009), LVH (ORZ11.9 (7.4-19.5); P!0.0001), diastolic (ORZ3.32 (2.09-5.31); P!0.0001) and systolic dysfunction (ORZ14.2 (6.95-32.2); P!0.0001), was higher in acromegaly. The most important predictor of LVH (tZ2.4, PZ0.02) and systolic dysfunction (tZK2.77, PZ0.006) was disease duration and that of diastolic dysfunction was patient's age (tZK3.3, PZ0.001). Patients with an estimated disease duration of O10 years had a relative risk to present cardiac complications three times higher than patients with estimated disease duration %5 years. Conclusions: The prevalence of different features of cardiomyopathy is 3.3-14.2 times higher in the acromegalic than in the non-acromegalic population. The major determinant of cardiomyopathy is disease duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of cardiac disease in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly: results of a 10 year survey study

Colao

Pivonello

Grasso

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Imaging was performed using a Vivid 7 ultrasound system (GE Vingmed, Horten, Norway) and a 2.5 MHz phased array transducer, as described (Evangelista et al. 2008). Pulse‐wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging was used for the measurement of left ventricular diastolic function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of glucose and water drinks on blood pressure and cardiac function in older subjects with and without postprandial hypotension

et al. 2017

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Postprandial hypotension (PPH) occurs frequently and is thought to reflect an inadequate increase in cardiac output to compensate for the rise in splanchnic blood flow after a meal. Gastric distension by water attenuates the postprandial fall in blood pressure (BP). Cardiac hemodynamics (stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and global longitudinal strain (GLS)) have hitherto not been measured in PPH. We sought to determine the comparative effects of water and glucose drinks on cardiac hemodynamics in healthy older subjects and individuals with PPH. Eight healthy older subjects (age 71.0 ± 1.7 years) and eight subjects with PPH (age 75.5 ± 1.0 years) consumed a 300 mL drink of either water or 75 g glucose (including 150 mg 13C‐acetate) in randomized order. BP and heart rate (HR) were measured using an automatic device, SV, CO, and GLS by transthoracic echocardiography and gastric emptying by measurement of 13 CO 2. In both groups, glucose decreased systolic BP (P < 0.001) and increased HR, SV, and CO (P < 0.05 for all). The fall in systolic BP was greater (P < 0.05), and increase in HR less (P < 0.05), in the PPH group, with no difference in SV or CO. Water increased systolic BP (P < 0.05) in subjects with PPH and, in both groups, decreased HR (P < 0.05) without affecting SV, CO, or GLS. In subjects with PPH, the hypotensive response to glucose and the pressor response to water were related (R = −0.75, P < 0.05). These observations indicate that, in PPH, the hypotensive response to oral glucose is associated with inadequate compensatory increases in CO and HR, whereas the pressor response to water ingestion is maintained and, possibly, exaggerated.

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“…A complete transthoracic echocardiogram was performed using a Vivid E9 device (GE Medical Systems, Horten, Norway) according to the standard protocol [9,10]. All the studies were performed by two experienced echocardiographers (AG, JLM).…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Four chamber right ventricular longitudinal strain versus right free wall longitudinal strain. Prognostic value in patients with left heart disease

et al. 2016

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Background: There is no consensus on which right ventricle (RV) strain parameter should be used in the clinical practice: four chamber RV longitudinal strain (4CH RV-LS) or free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS). The aim of this study was to analyze which RV strain parameter better predicts prognosis in patients with left heart disease. Methods: One hundred and three outpatients with several degrees of functional tricuspid regurgitation severity secondary to left heart disease were prospectively included. 4CH RV-LS and FWLS were assessed using speckle tracking. Left ventricular (LV) systolic function was determined using LV ejection fraction and RV systolic function using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).Patients were followed up for 23.1 ± 12.4 months for an endpoint of cardiac hospitalization due to heart failure. [LR] = 22.033; p < 0.001); p < 0.001), TAPSE < 17 mm (LR = 17.4; p < 0.001) and LV systolic dysfunction (LR = 13.3; p < 0.001) [HR] = 3.593; p < 0.002), TAPSE < 17 (HR = 2.093; p < 0.055) and LV systolic dysfunction (HR = 2.087; p < 0,054) had prognostic value, whereas FWLS did not reach significance. Results: The cutoff value related to RV dysfunction (TAPSE < 17 mm) was lower, in absolute value, for 4CH RV-LS (4CH RV-LS = -17.3%; FWLS = -19.5%). There were 33 adverse events during the follow-up. Patients with 4CH RV-LS > -17.3% (log rank had lower event-free survival (Kaplan Meier). In Cox multivariate analysis, 4CH RV-LS > -17.3% (hazard ratio Conclusions: Although both 4CH RV-LS and FWLS have prognostic value, 4CH RV-LS isa better predictor of episodes of heart failure in patients with left heart disease, providing additional information to that obtained by TAPSE. (Cardiol J 2016; 23, 2: 189-194)

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European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for standardization of performance, digital storage and reporting of echocardiographic studies

Cited by 333 publications

References 49 publications

Determinants of cardiac disease in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly: results of a 10 year survey study

Determinants of cardiac disease in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly: results of a 10 year survey study

Comparative effects of glucose and water drinks on blood pressure and cardiac function in older subjects with and without postprandial hypotension

Four chamber right ventricular longitudinal strain versus right free wall longitudinal strain. Prognostic value in patients with left heart disease

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