European consumer exposure to cosmetic products, a framework for conducting population exposure assessments Part 2

Hall, Barbara; Steiling, W.; Safford, Bob; Coroama, M.; Tozer, S.; Firmani, C.; McNamara, C.; Gibney, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.016

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Daily exposure levels for different cosmetic product types (toothpaste and mouthwash) were taken from the distribution of measured values (Hall et al, 2007(Hall et al, , 2011. The data reported by EHIA show similar levels of l-carvone in dry leaves of Mentha spicata (9000 mg/kg) as those described by Ravid et al in 1987 (7000 mg/kg;see Table 3).…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Terms Of Referencesupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The adult daily exposure levels for different cosmetic product types have been estimated by the EC Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (EC SCCS, 2012) using data provided for several product types including toothpaste in 2005 and mouthwash in 2009 (Hall et al 2007(Hall et al , 2011. These values take into account the daily amount resulting from oral exposure.…”

Section: Estimated Exposure To D-and L-carvone From Orally-used Persomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to provide a pertinent prediction for the European population, the exposure data for these types of products were generated using probabilistic analysis. The daily amounts applied in average and at a 95th percentile were taken from the distribution of measured values (Hall et al, 2007(Hall et al, , 2011. For toothpaste, the estimated daily exposure is 1.5 mg/kg bw/day in average and 2.4 mg/kg bw/d at the 95th percentile.…”

Section: Estimated Exposure To D-and L-carvone From Orally-used Persomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For personal care products i.e mouthwash and toothpaste, the estimated adult daily exposure levels have been calculated by the Scientific Committee using the daily amounts applied in average and at a 95th percentile from the distribution of measured values (Hall et al, 2007(Hall et al, , 2011 with the average concentration data of d and l-carvone. The Scientific Committee also looked at different non-food sources of carvone, such as dermal exposure from cosmetics and personal care products.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of carvone, considering all sources of exposure

2014

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carvone occurs naturally as dextrorotatory (d-) and levorotatory (l-) enantiomers in several food items; these may also be used as a pesticide, food flavouring, feed flavouring, in feed additive, in personal care products and as (veterinary) medicine. In order to improve coherence regarding the risk assessment of carvone in the different food and feed sector areas, EFSA asked its Scientific Committee to establish a single ADI for carvone, estimate the overall exposure of European consumers, and quantify the contribution for each source of exposure to the overall exposure of carvone. Having reviewed the information available the Scientific Committee decided to address dcarvone and l-carvone separately and limit its assessment to the oral intake of d-and l-carvone. The Scientific Committee established an ADI of 0.6 mg/kg bw/day for d-carvone, based on the BMDL10 of 60 mg/kg bw/day for an increase in relative liver weight in the rat 90-day studies and an uncertainty factor of 100. The Scientific Committee could not establish an ADI for l-carvone because of a lack of toxicological data for this enantiomer. The highest level of aggregated exposure to d-carvone is estimated to be 0.60 mg/kg bw/day, i.e. is at the level of the ADI established for d-carvone. The highest level of aggregated exposure to l-carvone is three-fold that of d-carvone. In view of key uncertainties 1) on the toxicity of l-carvone, 2) on the biological relevance of the endpoint selected to establish the ADI for d-carvone and its use as a surrogate for the observed lethality in tested animals, 3) whether d-and l-carvone should be considered together for possible combined effects and 4) in the aggregated exposure assessments to d-and to l-carvone, the Scientific Committee recommended generating additional data to refine the current risk assessment. In order to improve coherence regarding the risk assessment of carvone in the different food and feed sector areas of the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA asked its Scientific Committee to 1) establish a single ADI for carvone to be used at European level, regardless of the food sector area, and considering all previous evaluations, 2) estimate the overall exposure of European consumers to the carvone resulting from its various uses, and 3) quantify the contribution for each source of exposure to the overall exposure of carvone. Having reviewed the data available and the previous assessments done, the Scientific Committee decided to address d-carvone and l-carvone separately and limit its assessment to the oral intake of d-and l-carvone. In view of an expected request for extending the application of d-carvone as an anti-sprouting agent to ware and starch potatoes; the Scientific Committee decided to include also this use in its assessment.The Scientific Committee considered the data available for d-carvone and selected the liver effects as the most likely relevant endpoint to be used as the basis for risk assessment. The Scientific Committee established an ADI of 0.6 mg/kg bw/day for d-carvo...

show abstract

Section: Interpretation Of the Terms Of Referencesupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Estimated Exposure To D-and L-carvone From Orally-used Persomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimated Exposure To D-and L-carvone From Orally-used Persomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of carvone, considering all sources of exposure

2014

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We therefore chose shampoo as a gender-neutral PCP, as it seems that shampoos are used equally by both male and female consumers (Hall et al, 2011). Because product claims appeal to men and women differently (Schlessinger, 2007), we selected a neutral shampoo "for regular hair."…”

Section: Stimulus Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting Words into Action: Marketing Organic Products with Existing Brand Associations

Vos¹,

Bartels²

2018

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As consumer interest in organic products continues to grow, brands are increasingly adding organic variants to their product lines. However, consumer evaluations of these actions are not straightforward and differ for brands with various associations or within different product contexts. Previous research has shown that products with credence attributes, such as organic products, are often judged by brand name and consumers' existing brand associations. The current study adds to previous work on brand equity and brand associations by explicitly considering the context and characteristics of these branded organic products. First, a pretest determined the existing brands' corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate ability (CA) associations. Next, an online experiment tested consumers' perceptions of brand equity, consumers' trust in the brands and consumers' purchase intentions, which were analyzed using a fully parallel, multiple-mediator process model with the experimental conditions as independent variables. The results show that brand equity increases most when a brand associated with both CA and CSR introduces an organic product. In addition, consumers trust this brand more compared to brands that are less strongly associated with CSR. Moreover, the intention to purchase organic products increases as brand equity increases, but the intention to purchase organic products does not increase as trust increases. Based on these results, we conclude that brands aiming to increase their value to positively affect consumers' purchase intentions of their organic products benefit most when they are highly associated with both CSR and CA.

show abstract

Toxicology of Cosmetics

Santamaria,

Hirani,

Kozal

et al. 2023

Patty's Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cosmetics are personal care products that are designed to be applied to the body for the purpose of cleaning, protecting, beautifying, and producing a healthy appearance or altering appearance without changing the body's physiology. The seven categories of cosmetics include oral, skin, sun, hair, and body care products, as well as decorative cosmetics and perfumes. There are millions of cosmetic products in the marketplace, and new products are constantly introduced. Cosmetic products are not subjected to premarket evaluation and approval like food or drug products by the federal government in the United States (US). However, some states are implementing laws and regulations that are specific to cosmetic products. For example, California is the first state to ban specific ingredients from being included in any cosmetic product manufactured or sold in the state. Further, unlike in the US, preregistration of cosmetics is required in the European Union (EU). Specifically, before cosmetic products are placed or made available on the EU market, responsible persons must submit specific product information to the Cosmetic Product Notification Portal (CPNP), which then makes this information available to EU authorities and poison control centers. This chapter reviews the history of cosmetics, types of cosmetics and ingredients, contaminants in cosmetics, cosmetic ingredients of concern and prohibited ingredients, exposure assessment approaches, regulation of cosmetics in the US and in the EU, global approaches to nonanimal testing for cosmetic products, and the development and application of new approach methods (NAMs) for next generation risk assessment (NGRA) of cosmetic ingredients.

show abstract

European consumer exposure to cosmetic products, a framework for conducting population exposure assessments Part 2

Cited by 80 publications

References 5 publications

Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of carvone, considering all sources of exposure

Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of carvone, considering all sources of exposure

Putting Words into Action: Marketing Organic Products with Existing Brand Associations

Toxicology of Cosmetics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About