European eel (<i>Anguilla anguilla</i>) plasma biochemistry alerts about propanil stress

Abstract

Propanil stress response in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) was examined. Eels were exposed to 3.16 mg/L for 72 hr and allowed to recover for 96 hr. Plasma levels of cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, ammonium, lactate, albumin, and total proteins as well as electrolytes (chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus) were determined. As a consequence of exposure, cortisol, AP, AST, and LDH increased. A hyperglycemic condition, together with hyperlactemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglycemia was registered. Ammonium increased during exposure concomitantly to hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypokatremia. During recovery, chloride, sodium, potassium, ammonium, albumin and LDH normalized. At the end of the experiment, fish still exhibited hyperglycemia and hyperlactemia. Hypercalcemia was observed. Cholesterol, triglycerides, AP, and AST did not recuperate. These findings are important for assessing potential risks for areas where fish are grown near intensive herbicide use (i.e., paddy fields).

The effects of different fishmeal level diets with or without phytase supplementation on growth performance, body composition, digestibility, immunological and biochemical parameters of juvenile hybrid sturgeon ( Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂)

“…In this work, the low fishmeal and phytase significantly increased the activity of plasma LDH in hybrid sturgeon. This result indicated the activation of glycolysis processes and anaerobic metabolism to meet the required energy demands in low fishmeal groups (FM100 and FM100p; Sancho et al, 2017).…”

“…In this work, the low fishmeal and phytase significantly increased the activity of plasma LDH in hybrid sturgeon. This result indicated the activation of glycolysis processes and anaerobic metabolism to meet the required energy demands in low fishmeal groups (FM100 and FM100p; Sancho et al, ). Thus, oxidative phosphorylation is prevented in mitochondria and production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is decreased in the case of anaerobic metabolism (Gül, Belge‐Kurutaş, Yildiz, Sahan, & Doran, ).…”

The acute effect of propanil on reproductive hormones, ovarian gene expression and splenic cells in C57Bl/6 female mice

“…Similar markers of liver damage and metabolic stress were detected in European eels (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to sublethal propanil in the aquaria water (3.16 mg/L, 1/10 of 96-hr LC50) for 72 hours. Increases in cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from 24 hours to 48 hours, ALP from 24 hours through hour 168, and AST from hour 2 through hour 168 with a spike at hour 72 were detected in plasma when compared to controls (Sancho et al, 2017). The LDH enzyme is involved in the conversion of sugar into energy and resides typically inside the cells.…”

“…However, it was much higher (30-60 times) than propanil concentrations of 50-100 µg/L measured in drainage waters, where the fish may be exposed. Thus, the evidence from the eels may be more pharmacological than physiological (Sancho et al, 2017).…”

“…Adrenalectomy partially abrogated the decrease in immature T-cells in the thymus after propanil (Cuff et al, 1996), providing the evidence of corticosteroids from the adrenal gland mediating the propanil effect on decreased thymus weight and cellularity. European eels treated with propanil for 72 hours had an increase in cortisol from 24 hours through hour 144 (Sancho et al, 2017). The connection between the effect of propanil on the spleen and its increase of S. pneumoniae -specific ASC being conditional on the presence of ovaries or intact HPG axis in female mice was examined and discussed (Salazar et al, 2006(Salazar et al, , 2008.…”