European elk papillomavirus: characterization of the genome, induction of tumors in animals, and transformation in vitro

Abstract

The European elk papillomavirus (EEPV) genome was cloned in the BamHI cleavage site of the pBR322 vector. The cloned genome was used for construction of a physical map, employing restriction endonucleases BamHI, BglII, HindIII, PvuII, Sacd, and XhoI. The sequence homology between the EEPV and bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes was elucidated by performing hybridizations in different concentrations of formamide. Sequence homology could only be revealed under less stringent conditions, i.e., T,,,-43°C. Nucleotide sequence information was also collected from the regions which lie adjacent to the three HindlIl sites that are present in the EEPV genome. The results made it possible to align the EEPV and bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes. Transformation by EEPV was demonstrated with the C127 mouse cell line, and fibrosarcomas were induced in young hamsters after subcutaneous injection. The transformed cells and the tumors contain multiple, nonintegrated copies of the EEPV genome. Virus particles could not be detected either in tumors or in transformed cells.

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of deer papillomavirus

“…Although both DPV and BPV-1 transform NIH 3T3 mouse cells in culture (5,10,20), DPV, unlike BPV-1, does not transform the C127 mouse cell line. This also distinguishes DPV from BPV-2 (5), European elk papillomavirus (33), and possibly cottontail rabbit papillomavirus and human papillomavirus type 5 (34). These biological differences may be reflected in the potential coding sequences of DPV gene products.…”

Papillomavirus DNA associated with pulmonary fibromatosis in European elks

“…The probe hybridized strongly to three fragments in the tumor DNA of 4.0, 2.1, and 1.7 kilobases. These fragments were identical in size to fragments generated from the EEPV genome with the corresponding restriction enzyme (11) (Fig. 3).…”

“…Approximately 10 g of tumor tissue or adjacent normal tissue was minced separately to a homogeneous mass, and DNA was extracted as described by Steffen and Weinberg (10 was cleaved with restriction endonuclease BglII before separation in a 1% agarose gel. The separated fragments were blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane by the method of Southern (9), and fragments containing EEPV DNA were detected by hybridization with a probe consisting of the EEPV genome cloned in the BamHI site of the pBR322 vector (11). The probe hybridized strongly to three fragments in the tumor DNA of 4.0, 2.1, and 1.7 kilobases.…”

Cloning and characterization of a papillomavirus associated with papillomas and carcinomas in the European harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)

“…By Southern blot hybridization studies, MmPV was shown to share relatively more homology with HPV-la, MnPV, and rabbit oral papillomavirus DNAs than with the DNAs of 13 other papillomaviruses. Papillomaviruses or papillomaviral DNAs which have been reported to have transforming ability include BPV-1 (4, 18), deer papillomavirus (12), European elk papillomavirus (38), CRPV (40), HPV-1 (41), HPV-5 (41), and dimeric (43). Although there are few reports of failed transformation attempts, it is apparent that many other papillomaviruses do not readily transform tissue culture cells.…”