“…European integration combines several of these threats and poses one more: It undermines national sov- ereignty. As scholars of European integration have long argued, one of the chief consequences of European integration is weakening the authority of national states (Börzel & Risse, 2000;Caporaso, 1996Caporaso, , 2000Hooghe & Marks, 2001;Jachtenfuchs & Kohler-Koch, 1995;Marks, Hooghe, & Blank, 1996;Risse-Kappen, 1996;Schmitter, 1996;Stone Sweet & Sandholtz, 1997). This is a core idea of multi-level governance, and it is anathema to those on the radical Right, which is why parties toward the TAN pole strenuously oppose European integration.…”