European Lyme Borreliosis

Stanek, Gerold; Pletschette, M.; Flamm, H; Hirschl, Alexander M.; Aberer, Elisabeth; Kristoferitsch, Wolfgang; Schmutzhard, Erich

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31861.x

Cited by 80 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One case of ACA in a 55-year-old patient was also observed. In Europe [12][13][14], about 10% of patients appear to have a higher incidence of this lesion compared to that in the United States [15] whereas in Japan ACA is unknown [16]. The same hypothesis should explain the more frequent neurological manifestations observed in our study, in comparison with the United States, probably because of an association to the other species present in Europe which has been recently described as Borrelia garinii [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Epidemiology of lyme disease in France: Lyme borreliosis in the region of Berry sud: A six year retrospective

Christiann¹,

Rayet²,

Patey

et al. 1996

Eur J Epidemiol

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The purpose of this epidemiologic retrospective is to recognize the endemic nature of Lyme borreliosis in 'Berry', region of France. Fifty-nine cases have been reported here during the past six years (1988-1994). An erythema migrans (EM), or a late manifestation concurrent with positive ELISA-test represents the main inclusion criterion (case definition used by the CDC). The results reveal a high incidence considering the limited information available in France. The farmer has been found to be mainly at risk, with EM being observed in 49% of cases. In general, late manifestations are rarely described. Peripheral neurological manifestations occur more frequently than those reported in the USA. The steps taken as a result of our study of Lyme disease are in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Epidemiology of lyme disease in France: Lyme borreliosis in the region of Berry sud: A six year retrospective

Christiann¹,

Rayet²,

Patey

et al. 1996

Eur J Epidemiol

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“…In two regions other than the eastern United States where B. burgdorferi transmission occurs (in other Ixodes tick species), the presence of lizards as part of the known vertebrate host assemblage has been linked to lowered spirochete transmission (23)(24)(25). This is true in Europe, where I. ricinus is the tick vector (26)(27)(28), and in the western United States where I. pacificus and I. neotomae are the tick vectors (6,29 Proc. Natl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the validity of species status of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) using rDNA.

Wesson

McLain

Oliver

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

136

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The two internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of rDNA of three members of the Ixodes ricinus "complex" (Acari: Ixodidae) were sequenced. Sequence variation was assessed for the North American species 1. scapularis, 1. dammini, and 1. pacificus at three levels: within individual/population, between individuals of different geographic origin within a species, and between species. Both spacers are highly variable, particularly with regard to small deletions and additions which may arise via replication slippage. Homogenization of rDNA multigene arrays for particular sequence variants appears to occur at a relatively rapid rate, since I. pacificus sequences differ from the others at numerous invariant sites, facilitating the use of these sequences to assess sibling species relationships. Based on maximum parsimony and two distance methods (unweighted pair-group with arithmetic means and neighbor-joining), sequence variation in ITS1 and ITS2 suggests that 1. scapularis and 1. dammini are not distinct species and that even individuals from geographically isolated locations are very simila. Individuals from geographically separated populations of1. pacificus appear to be relatively less closely related to each other but distinct from those of I. scapularis/dammini. In 1. scapularis/dammini, diversity within and between individuals from geographic populations contributed equally to total sequence diversity.

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“…A field study in the eastern part of Austria revealed a mean infection rate of 20% for nymphal and adult ticks (Stanek et al, 1988). Furthermore, Wilske et al (1987) reported a mean prevalence of approximately 20% in adults from Germany and also mentioned high differences in the prevalences between different sites.…”

Section: This Study Documents the Infection Of Ticks With B Burgdorfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from two different foci in Spain

Estrada-Peña¹,

Oteo

Estrada-Peña

et al. 1995

Exp Appl Acarol

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The prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in several tick species was studied over a 2 year period in two ecologically different areas in Spain. One area was an endemic area for Lyme disease, with a number of autochthonous human cases and supported large populations of Ixodes ricinus on cattle and birds; the second area was characterized by the absence of I. ricinus together with the presence of foxes and their associated tick species. While I. ricinus was the main vector of B. burgdoreri in the endemic area (with a mean prevalence of 14% in adults and 51% in nymphs), adults of both Ixodes canisuga and Ixodes hexagonus had high rates of B. burgdorferi prevalence (30 and 28%, respectively) in the zone where I. ricinus was absent. Immatures of Ixodes frontalis were found to be carriers of the spirochete only in those zones where I. ricinus is present, suggesting evidence for reservoir competence in a tick-bird cycle.

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European Lyme Borreliosis

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Epidemiology of lyme disease in France: Lyme borreliosis in the region of Berry sud: A six year retrospective

Epidemiology of lyme disease in France: Lyme borreliosis in the region of Berry sud: A six year retrospective

Investigation of the validity of species status of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) using rDNA.

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from two different foci in Spain

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