European ornamental garden flora as an invasion debt under climate change

Haeuser, Emily; Dawson, Wayne; Thuiller, Wilfried; Dullinger, Stefan; Block, Svenja; Bossdorf, Oliver; Carboni, Marta; Conti, Luisa; Dullinger, Iwona; Essl, Franz; Klonner, Günther; Moser, Dietmar; Münkemüller, Tamara; Parepa, Madalin; Talluto, Matthew V.; Kreft, Holger; Pergl, Jan; Pyšek, Petr; Weigelt, Patrick; Winter, Marten; Hermy, Martin; Veken, Sebastiaan Van der; Roquet, Cristina; Kleunen, Mark van

doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13197

Cited by 59 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Species that occur as naturalized in more than 40 GloNAF regions in Africa were more widely distributed in Ghana, and the pattern was fine-tuned by the size of the global naturalization range of a species. The latter was also found to be important for naturalization success of ornamental plants in Europe (Haeuser et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It is therefore surprising that species from other non-tropical continents, such as temperate Asia and North America, have a much higher representation in the alien flora of Ghana than those from Europe. Thus, while climatic mismatch is a strongly limiting factor for alien species exchange Mayer et al 2017;Haeuser et al 2018) and arguably might contribute to the low representation of European plants, other factors that warrant further investigation are most likely involved as well. Similarly, the modest contribution of species that are native to other parts of Africa contradicts the fact that intracontinental exchange of alien plants plays an important role in forming national alien floras all over the world .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturalized and invasive alien flora of Ghana

et al. 2018

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The paper provides an inventory of the naturalized vascular flora of Ghana, based on newly gathered information from the literature and consultations with local experts. We adopted a rather conservative approach by including only species for which strong evidence exists that they are alien in Ghana. We recorded 291 species of naturalized alien plants; for 237 of them there is information on their distribution in the 10 administrative regions of Ghana. Twenty-five species (i.e. 8.6% of the total number of naturalized species) are classified as invasive. There are 21 widely distributed species (7.2% of the total naturalized flora) that occur in at least eight regions, and five of them are distributed all over the country: Azadirachta indica, Echinochloa colona, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna occidentalis and S. siamea. Of these five, the first three are classified as invasive. The naturalized flora of Ghana includes 71 families, with Leguminosae (66 species), Compositae (22) and Poaceae (18) most represented. The majority of species have their native range in South and North America, contributing 161 and 127 species, respectively. Tropical Asia (98

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturalized and invasive alien flora of Ghana

et al. 2018

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“…However, urban forests are claimed to be especially vulnerable to alien species invasion [8,9], due to forest fragmentation and extinction of forest specialists, which would normally be the main competitors and habitat transformations [10][11][12]. Moreover, cities are places of numerous introductions of large pools of alien species, usually ornamentals, which are one of the main pathways of invasion [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-Dependence of Urban Forest Vegetation Invasion Level and Alien Species’ Ecological Success

Dyderski

Jagodziński

2019

Forests

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Research Highlights: Urban ecosystems are claimed to be more invaded than natural vegetation. Despite numerous studies, the patterns of alien species occurrence in urban forests are rarely linked to invasion ecology hypotheses. Background and Objectives: We assumed that patterns of invasion level (i.e., neophyte richness) and neophyte ecological success (cover) are context-dependent, i.e., depend on the type of vegetation, and that hypotheses connected with empty niche and biotic acceptance will have the strongest support in urban forests. We also tested biotic resistance, habitat filtering, disturbance, resource availability, and environmental heterogeneity hypotheses. Materials and Methods: Using a random forest algorithm, we tested the importance of factors related to invasion ecology hypotheses in a dataset of urban forest vegetation plots (n = 120). We studied seven types of forest plant communities occurring in Poznań (W Poland) and we assessed the vegetation’s taxonomic and functional composition. Results: We found that models of alien species richness and cover explained 28.5% and 35.0% of variance, respectively. Vegetation type was of the highest importance in both cases, suggesting that the occurrence of alien plant species is context-dependent. Resource availability and disturbance ecological indicator values were also of high importance. Conclusions: Our study supported resource availability and habitat filtering hypotheses as explanations of the level of invasion and ecological success of alien species in an urban forest, with partial support for the disturbance hypothesis. Our study revealed that predictors of invasion level are context-dependent, as patterns of alien species richness and cover differed among vegetation types. We highlight context-dependence of alien species invasion patterns in different vegetation types due to the habitat-forming role of dominant tree species and different availability of resources and disturbance levels, as well as different pools of native species. Thus, prevention and management of biological invasions in urban forests should account for forest vegetation type.

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“…Third, our simulations are restricted to only 15 species. The set of alien garden plants already cultivated in Europe and potentially naturalizing in the future is at least two orders of magnitude larger (Dullinger et al 2017, Haeuser et al 2018). We do not know how representative the simulation results achieved with our small sample are for this set of species.…”

Section: Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tens of thousands of introduced plant species are cultivated in private and public gardens and green spaces worldwide and represent a huge pool of potential future invaders (Niinemets and Penuelas 2008). In temperate regions, climate change is expected to increase the likelihood that further species from this pool escape cultivation because many garden plants have been introduced from warmer native ranges (Maurel et al 2016, Dullinger et al 2017, Haeuser et al 2018. As human cultivation represents an efficient dispersal pathway, areas becoming suitable under climate change may, moreover, become more rapidly colonized by escaping ornamentals than by non-cultivated species which have to rely on natural dispersal means (Van der Veken et al 2008, Corlett andWestcott 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of climate change and horticultural use on the spread of naturalized alien garden plants in Europe

et al. 2019

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Climate warming is supposed to enlarge the area climatically suitable to the naturalization of alien garden plants in temperate regions. However, the effects of a changing climate on the spread of naturalized ornamentals have not been evaluated by spatially and temporarily explicit range modelling at larger scales so far. Here, we assess how climate change and the frequency of cultivation interactively determine the spread of 15 ornamental plants over the 21st century in Europe. We coupled species distribution modelling with simulations of demography and dispersal to predict range dynamics of these species in annual steps across a 250 × 250 m raster of the study area. Models were run under four scenarios of climate warming and six levels of cultivation intensity. Cultivation frequency was implemented as size of the area used for planting a species. Although the area climatically suitable to the 15 species increases, on average, the area predicted to be occupied by them in 2090 shrinks under two of the three climate change scenarios. This contradiction obviously arises from dispersal limitations that were pronounced although we assumed that cultivation is spatially adapting to the changing climate. Cultivation frequency had a much stronger effect on species spread than climate change, and this effect was non‐linear. The area occupied increased sharply from low to moderate levels of cultivation intensity, but levelled off afterwards. Our simulations suggest that climate warming will not necessarily foster the spread of alien garden plants in Europe over the next decades. However, climatically suitable areas do increase and hence an invasion debt is likely accumulating. Restricting cultivation of species can be effective in preventing species spread, irrespective of how the climate develops. However, for being successful, they depend on high levels of compliance to keep propagule pressure at a low level.

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European ornamental garden flora as an invasion debt under climate change

Cited by 59 publications

References 59 publications

Naturalized and invasive alien flora of Ghana

Naturalized and invasive alien flora of Ghana

Context-Dependence of Urban Forest Vegetation Invasion Level and Alien Species’ Ecological Success

Effects of climate change and horticultural use on the spread of naturalized alien garden plants in Europe

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