European photopatch test baseline series: A 3‐year experience

Subiabre-Ferrer, Daniela; Esteve‐Martínez, Altea; Sierra-Talamantes, C.; Pérez‐Ferriols, A.; Zaragoza‐Ninet, Violeta

doi:10.1111/cod.13118

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Less than 0.18 mW/cm 2 of solar UVB at 310 nm can reach the blood vessels, and extremely long exposure times would be needed to cause any significant direct degradation of serum folate. 6 This finding is in agreement with clinical observations of patients with skin diseases treated with high UVB doses. 2 Given the limited skin penetration capacity of UVB, UVA may theoretically be of greater importance with regard to blood folate degradation.…”

Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418supporting

confidence: 90%

“…5 Although UVA can penetrate much deeper into the skin, thus reaching more blood vessels than UVB, there is no convincing evidence of decreased folate levels after UVA exposure. [5][6][7] Investigations using NB-UVB showed controversial results, potentially explained by dosedependent degradation of folate, different assay methodology and study populations. 1,6,7 However, the research group of Moan 6 showed that direct photodegradation due to UVB is unlikely to occur.…”

Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] Investigations using NB-UVB showed controversial results, potentially explained by dosedependent degradation of folate, different assay methodology and study populations. 1,6,7 However, the research group of Moan 6 showed that direct photodegradation due to UVB is unlikely to occur. Less than 0.18 mW/cm 2 of solar UVB at 310 nm can reach the blood vessels, and extremely long exposure times would be needed to cause any significant direct degradation of serum folate.…”

Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Given the limited skin penetration capacity of UVB, UVA may theoretically be of greater importance with regard to blood folate degradation. Moan et al 6 previously suggested that UVA does not result in folate degradation in a direct manner but indirectly via absorption of UVA by riboflavin and uroporphyrin which are strong photosensitizers mainly absorbing both UVA and visible light. 6 Immediate pigment darkening may reduce the rate of folate UVA-induced degradation, since its absorption spectrum covers the absorption spectra of riboflavin and uroporphyrin.…”

Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) pruriginosa associated with recessive homozygous mutations in COL7A1: case report of a rare EB genotype–phenotype

O’Connor

Heffron

McGrath

et al. 2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doi: 101111/jdv16418mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) pruriginosa associated with recessive homozygous mutations in COL7A1: case report of a rare EB genotype–phenotype

O’Connor

Heffron

McGrath

et al. 2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…In some of the most recent multicentre photopatch studies, no case was reported. 3,8,9 UV filters are not contained in the baseline series or the cosmetic series. However, the use of creams for daily use that have UV absorbers in their composition is increasing.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid included in a sunscreen

et al. 2019

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K E Y W O R D S : allergic contact dermatitis, case report, phenylbenzylmidazole-5-sulfonic acid, UV filters Adverse reactions to sunscreens include allergic, irritant, phototoxic and photoallergic contact dermatitis. 1 Allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis to sunscreen may be caused by chemical ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, preservatives, perfumes, and other constituents. Photoallergic contact dermatitis reactions to UV absorbers are not common, but still more frequent than allergic contact dermatitis to these agents. 2 Among chemical UV absorbers, benzophenone-3 (oxybenzone) is the agent that is most frequently associated with photoallergy, and methylene-bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinosorb M) is the agent that is most frequently associated with allergic contact dermatitis. 3 Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid or Eusolex 232 (CAS no. 27503-81-7) is a UVB absorber that is present in many sunscreens. Reports of allergy or photoallergy to phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid are very rare. Most of these reactions represent photoallergic contact dermatitis. 1 CASE REPORTA 79-year-old man presented with a generalized, extremely pruritic eruption that developed during his vacations. He had been exposed to the sun and had used two different sunscreens, Delial Garnier Sensitive FPS 50 and Mercadona Spray Solar 50+ Kids.Photopatch testing was performed with TRUE Test, the Spanish Photobiology Group sunscreen series (Martí Tor, Barcelona, Spain), and the patient's own products. The allergens were applied to the skin of the upper back with Finn Chambers. One panel was removed 48 hours later and irradiated with UVA (5 J/cm 2 ) with a Medisun 2800 device (Schulze und Böhm, Brühl, Germany). The photopatch test was evaluated 2 days after irradiation.A positive reaction (++) was observed to Eusolex 232 (phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid 10% pet.) 4 days after allergens were applied (2 days after irradiation) on both the irradiated and non-irradiated sides. No reaction was seen with the patient's own products, although phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid was present in the Mercadona Spray Solar according to the label. DISCUSSIONPhenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (Eusolex 232; CAS no. 27503-81-7) is a UVB filter and is used in a variety of moisturizers and sunscreens. Photoallergic contact dermatitis reactions to phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid have been previously reported in some cases, 4-7 but rarely allergic contact dermatitis. Gilaberte et al reviewed 7 published cases of allergic contact dermatitis, and 19 published cases of photoallergy. 1 Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid is apparently not a strong sensitizer. In some of the most recent multicentre photopatch studies, no case was reported. 3,8,9UV filters are not contained in the baseline series or the cosmetic series. However, the use of creams for daily use that have UV absorbers in their composition is increasing. Moreover, the use of sunscreens is becoming more widespread. Therefore, in cases of suspected allergic contact dermatitis of t...

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Cutaneous Photosensitivity Diseases

Ibbotson

2024

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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The photodermatoses are a diverse group of conditions in which abnormal responses to light exposure are the hallmark. Photodiagnostic investigations through a specialist unit may be essential to ensure accurate diagnosis and management, and this chapter explores the nature of the photodermatoses and the photodiagnostic techniques that can be applied. Management approaches include early diagnosis, prevention and disease suppression, and awareness of the significant adverse impact on well‐being and psychological health that can occur with photosensitivity. Photoprotection is a mainstay approach for the photodermatoses but is often not sufficient alone for disease control. Desensitisation through natural hardening or light‐based therapies may be feasible, although systemic immunosuppressants and immunomodulators may be required. Awareness of the possibility of vitamin D deficiency is also necessary. This chapter will cover these approaches in detail.

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European photopatch test baseline series: A 3‐year experience

Abstract: We present the largest clinical experience with the European photopatch test baseline series hitherto reported. The results are similar to those underlying the above consensus process, reaffirming the usefulness of this series.

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) pruriginosa associated with recessive homozygous mutations in COL7A1: case report of a rare EB genotype–phenotype

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) pruriginosa associated with recessive homozygous mutations in COL7A1: case report of a rare EB genotype–phenotype

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid included in a sunscreen

Cutaneous Photosensitivity Diseases

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