European policies and legislation targeting ocean acidification in european waters - Current state

Galdies, Charles; Bellerby, R.; Canu, Donata Melaku; Chen, Wenting; García-Luque, E.; Gašparović, Blaženka; Godrijan, Jelena; Lawlor, Paul; Maes, Frank; Malej, Alenka; Panagiotaras, Dionisios; Romera, Beatriz Martinez; Reymond, Claire E.; Rochette, Julien; Solidoro, Cosimo; Stojanov, Robert; Tiller, Rachel; Noronha, Isabel Torres de; Uścinowicz, Grzegorz; Văidianu, Natașa; Walsh, Cormac; Guerra, Roberta

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103947

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Until this is achieved, Mediterranean Sea countries need to continue to refer to currently fragmented legislations which can mitigate, albeit indirectly, OA. Galdies et al (2020) showed how within the Mediterranean Sea basin, the OA problem is at best uncoordinated even at the European Union level, which spans much of the northern waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Although OA is acknowledged at the higher levels of governance, its status as an environmental challenge is greatly diluted at the European Union Member State level.…”

Section: Framing Oa Governance For the Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification research in the Mediterranean Sea: Status, trends and next steps

et al. 2022

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Ocean acidification (OA) is a serious consequence of climate change with complex organism-to-ecosystem effects that have been observed through field observations but are mainly derived from experimental studies. Although OA trends and the resulting biological impacts are likely exacerbated in the semi-enclosed and highly populated Mediterranean Sea, some fundamental knowledge gaps still exist. These gaps are at tributed to both the uneven capacity for OA research that exists between Mediterranean countries, as well as to the subtle and long-term biological, physical and chemical interactions that define OA impacts. In this paper, we systematically analyzed the different aspects of OA research in the Mediterranean region based on two sources: the United Nation’s International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Ocean Acidification International Coordination Center (OA-ICC) database, and an extensive survey. Our analysis shows that 1) there is an uneven geographic capacity in OA research, and illustrates that both the Algero-Provencal and Ionian sub-basins are currently the least studied Mediterranean areas, 2) the carbonate system is still poorly quantified in coastal zones, and long-term time-series are still sparse across the Mediterranean Sea, which is a challenge for studying its variability and assessing coastal OA trends, 3) the most studied groups of organisms are autotrophs (algae, phanerogams, phytoplankton), mollusks, and corals, while microbes, small mollusks (mainly pteropods), and sponges are among the least studied, 4) there is an overall paucity in socio-economic, paleontological, and modeling studies in the Mediterranean Sea, and 5) in spite of general resource availability and the agreement for improved and coordinated OA governance, there is a lack of consistent OA policies in the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to highlighting the current status, trends and gaps of OA research, this work also provides recommendations, based on both our literature assessment and a survey that targeted the Mediterranean OA scientific community. In light of the ongoing 2021-2030 United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, this work might provide a guideline to close gaps of knowledge in the Mediterranean OA research.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.oceandecade.org/

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Section: Framing Oa Governance For the Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification research in the Mediterranean Sea: Status, trends and next steps

et al. 2022

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“…Ocean acidification and rising sea levels are still with profoundly negative environmental links because the international and regional efforts at the level of climate change are more general [101]. Thus, most UNEP programmes are limited in curbing the land-based sources of pollution.…”

Section: Climate Change Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserving Community’s Environmental Interests in a Meta-Ocean Governance Framework towards Sustainable Development Goal 14: A Mechanism of Promoting Coordination between Institutions Responsible for Curbing Marine Pollution

Zulfiqar

Butt

2021

Sustainability

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The United Nations has recently recognised the global community’s environmental interests in ocean governance through the Sustainable Development Goal 14. The marine environmental protection targets stand in need of rejuvenating international environmental law, which fosters interconnection between oceans, climate, and terrestrial ecosystems. The existing literature on this aspect of ocean governance, however, is segregated and lacks an ecosystem-based approach. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the literature on ocean governance with an ecosystem-based approach becomes essential and is conducted through this research. This research has proposed that ocean governance programmes and plans need to be re-arranged under established legal frameworks at national and regional levels. Such a challenge can be addressed by taking the elements of governance provided by the list of targets of sustainable development goals. This research has facilitated the given hypothesis via a meta-ocean-governance framework that incorporates a deliberate regional monitoring system, intergovernmental review, capacity building techniques, national action through strong institutions, scientific decision making, and policy coherence. The idea is to fit the conceptualisation of ocean governance under international environmental law in the existing initiatives within a box of institutions to coordinate and encourage an ecosystem-based approach.

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“…There are actually no studies from a bottom-up approach showing how EU member states have mitigated ocean acidification. Arctic States member of the European Economic Area (EEA) 24 zone do not document a strong research and legislative framework to combat ocean acidification in spite of the fact that ocean acidification observed across the Arctic Ocean has become increasingly apparent, which indicates that more work is needed in this area with regards to ocean acidification (Galdies et al, 2020).…”

Section: Regional Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EU Member States action on ocean acidification shows that the current state of European national policies and legislation addressing the ocean acidification problems is, where existent, uncoordinated. Although the ocean acidification problem is acknowledged at higher levels of governance, such as for example at the European Commission level, it is greatly diluted at EU member states level (Galdies et al, 2020). Even though the EU has adopted a number of multilateral agreements, they only address a fraction of ocean acidification.…”

Section: Regional Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Acidification in the Arctic in a Multi-Regulatory, Climate Justice Perspective

Cassotta

2021

Front. Clim.

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The latest IPCC report on Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, which builds upon previous IPCC's reports, established a causal link between anthropogenic impacts and ocean acidification, by noting a significant decrease in the Ocean's uptake of CO2, with consequent damage to Earth's ecosystems, which in turn has traceable repercussions on the Arctic Ocean and then from the Arctic to the Planet Earth. The impact of ocean acidification is not only in the biological ecosystem but also on human activities, such as livelihood, food security, socio-economic security and developing communities. However, who can possibly be held ethically/legally responsible for ocean acidification from a climate justice perspective? Since what happens in the Arctic does not stay there, a more systematic law and policy approach to study options and responses in a multi-level, climate- ethical, global perceptive is needed. This paper sheds light on the legal responses available at global, regional and national levels to ocean acidification in a law of the sea and ocean context, both in the Arctic and from the Arctic. The gaps in legal and policy responses in connection to the ethical climate component will be identified. It will shed light on the planetary limits that humanity needs to stay within in order to maintain the future of the Earth. Since it touches upon questions of legal responsibility, on who is responsible for ocean acidification, it will connect to the “supply side” of fossil fuels production and global extraction projects causing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, one of the major causes of ocean acidification. It will also identify which actors, be they “officials” or “non-officials” (such as international organizations, states, regional institutes, Arctic citizens or even forums) should be held ethically responsible, and who should take action.

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European policies and legislation targeting ocean acidification in european waters - Current state

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Ocean acidification research in the Mediterranean Sea: Status, trends and next steps

Ocean acidification research in the Mediterranean Sea: Status, trends and next steps

Preserving Community’s Environmental Interests in a Meta-Ocean Governance Framework towards Sustainable Development Goal 14: A Mechanism of Promoting Coordination between Institutions Responsible for Curbing Marine Pollution

Ocean Acidification in the Arctic in a Multi-Regulatory, Climate Justice Perspective

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