European Project Nano-Cathedral: Nanomaterials for Conservation of European Architectural Heritage: Pisa, the Experience of a Mediterranean Cathedral

Lazzeri, Andrea; Coltelli, Maria Beatrice; Bevilacqua, Rosanna; Chirico, Sara; Rovazzani, Ada; Severini, Giulia; Sutter, Anton; Bartolini, Marco; Conti, Lucia; Festa, L.; Ioele, Marcella; Pujia, Angelica; Sidoti, Giancarlo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78093-1_14

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Both stones were used in the past as a building material and, due to their homogeneity and the range of well-defined pore sizes, can be considered as reference testing substrates [19,41]. Both substrates were among those selected in the NanoCathedral European project (GA 646178, Call NMP-21-2014: Materials-based solutions for protection or preservation of European cultural heritage) [42], within which this research was conducted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Compatibility of a Novel Sustainable Method for Stone Consolidation Based on Di-Ammonium Phosphate and Calcium-Based Nanomaterials

et al. 2019

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External surfaces of stones used in historic buildings often carry high artistic value and need to be preserved from the damages of time, especially from the detrimental effects of the weathering. This study aimed to test the effectiveness and compatibility of some new environmentally-friendly materials for stone consolidation, as the use thereof has been so far poorly investigated. The treatments were based on combinations of an aqueous solution of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and two calcium-based nanomaterials, namely a commercial nanosuspension of Ca(OH)2 and a novel nanosuspension of calcite. The treatments were applied to samples of two porous stones: a limestone and a sandstone. The effectiveness of the treatments was assessed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultrasound pulse velocity test, colour measurements, and capillary water absorption test. The results suggest that the combined use of DAP and Ca-based nanosuspensions can be advantageous over other commonly used consolidants in terms of retreatability and physical-chemical compatibility with the stone. Some limitations are also highlighted, such as the uneven distribution and low penetration of the consolidants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Compatibility of a Novel Sustainable Method for Stone Consolidation Based on Di-Ammonium Phosphate and Calcium-Based Nanomaterials

et al. 2019

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“…In the framework of the EU-funded Nano-Cathedral Project (grant agreement No 646178), aimed at synthesizing and testing innovative nano-structured products [26,27] for the preservation of historical architecture [28], the evaluation of the suitability of the products was carried out by integrating different methodologies and laboratory tests [26,27,[29][30][31][32]. The new nanomaterials, that is, protectives and consolidants formulated by companies involved in the project, were previously tested by laboratory routines in order to evaluate their effectiveness over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the potential of X-ray synchrotron microscopy in the investigation of the adhesion and cohesion ability of protective and consolidant products was assessed, by arranging for the first time a new set up at TwinMic beamline. Indeed, synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy mostly works in transmission mode [28], hence it does not normally allow to study samples with a thickness higher than a few micrometers. However, in this research, soft X-ray microscopy was successfully used in reflection mode to scan 1 mm thick cross sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspecting adhesion and cohesion of protectives and consolidants in sandstones of architectural heritage by X-ray microscopy methods

Raneri

Giannoncelli

Mascha

et al. 2019

Materials Characterization

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“…Both products were developed as part of the European project named “ Nano-Cathedral ” (Grant Agreement No. 646178) [39]. The consolidants were applied by brush, poultice or capillary absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Radiography Study of Laboratory Ageing and Treatment Applications with Stone Consolidants

et al. 2019

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A nano-silica consolidant and nano-titania modified tetraethyl-orthosilicate were applied on two building stones, a carbonate and a silicate, by brush, poultice or capillary absorption. Neutron radiography was used to monitor capillary water absorption, and to analyse changes in physical properties caused by heat treatment of specimens for the purposes of artificially ageing and different treatment applications with stone consolidants. Moreover, ultrasonic pulse velocity and gravimetrically determined water absorption were analysed to cross-validate neutron radiography. The results reveal that reactive systems like tetraethyl-orthosilicates need an unknown period for polymerisation, which makes nano-silica consolidants more favourable for construction follow-up work. While polymerisation is incomplete, hydrophobic behaviour, water trapping and pore clogging are evident. Within the tetraethyl-orthosilicate treatment, poultice and brushing are strongly influenced by the applicant, which results in wide ranging amounts of water absorbed and anomalous water distributions and kinetics. The carbonate lithotype displays polymerisation initiated in the core of the specimen, while the lateral surfaces are still mostly hydrophobic. Reaction time differences can be attributed to the different amounts of consolidants applied, which is a result of the chosen application settings. Artificial ageing of stone specimens is a prerequisite when mechanical strength gain is studied, as demonstrated by sound speed propagation.

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European Project Nano-Cathedral: Nanomaterials for Conservation of European Architectural Heritage: Pisa, the Experience of a Mediterranean Cathedral

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Effectiveness and Compatibility of a Novel Sustainable Method for Stone Consolidation Based on Di-Ammonium Phosphate and Calcium-Based Nanomaterials

Effectiveness and Compatibility of a Novel Sustainable Method for Stone Consolidation Based on Di-Ammonium Phosphate and Calcium-Based Nanomaterials

Inspecting adhesion and cohesion of protectives and consolidants in sandstones of architectural heritage by X-ray microscopy methods

Neutron Radiography Study of Laboratory Ageing and Treatment Applications with Stone Consolidants

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