2024
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00725-2024
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European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Cormac McCarthy,
Francesco Bonella,
Marissa O'Callaghan
et al.

Abstract: BackgroundPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome caused by several distinct diseases leading to progressive dyspnoea, hypoxemia, risk of respiratory failure and early death due to accumulation of proteinaceous material in the lungs. Diagnostic strategies may include computed tomography (CT) of the lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage, evaluation of antibodies against granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), genetic testing, and, eventually, lung biopsy. The management options are fo… Show more

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