Euroscepticism in Times of European Crises: The Role of Solidarity

Reinl, Ann‐Kathrin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24428-6_6

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In the context of the EU, these kinds of risk-sharing policies mostly occur in the form of financial assistance provided for the entity in crisis, which is particularly relevant in the context of the European monetary union (Schelkle, 2017 ). Previous studies have analyzed public support for financial assistance provided in scenarios of financial and economic difficulties (Díez Medrano et al, 2019 ; Ferrera & Pellegata, 2017 ; Genschel & Hemerijck, 2018 ; Gerhards et al, 2019 ; Lahusen & Grasso, 2018 ), high numbers of incoming migrants (Genschel & Hemerijck, 2018 ; Gerhards et al, 2019 ; Lahusen & Grasso, 2018 ; Reinl, 2020 ) or the occurrence of natural disasters (Díez Medrano et al, 2019 ; Genschel & Hemerijck, 2018 ). However, no study so far has combined these various indicators of crisis-related transnational solidarity, so there is yet no evidence to suggest whether people would in fact be willing to bear a joint risk for an EU partner state and its population, regardless of the nature of the crisis.…”

Section: The Two-dimensional Concept Of Transnational Solidaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transnational Solidarity Within the EU: Public Support for Risk-Sharing and Redistribution

Reinl¹

2022

Soc Indic Res

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This paper aims to discover underlying, as yet theoretically and empirically unexplored, distinctions in citizens’ views of transnational solidarity within the European Union (EU). Building on literature regarding national welfare states, the paper presents an original concept of transnational solidarity consisting of two latent, not directly measurable, dimensions: first, citizens’ preferences for risk-sharing among EU states and, second, their preferences for intra-EU redistribution. The diverse types of transnational solidarity examined in previous research should be assignable to either one or the other dimension. Moreover, previous research is based on the idea that the concept of transnational solidarity is comparable across EU countries; however, this premise has not been empirically examined so far. To test both these assumptions, I analyze data collected in Austria, Germany, and Greece in 2019 or 2020. The study runs multi-group confirmatory factor analysis to test whether the presented concept of transnational solidarity (a) applies and (b) is comparable between these nations. The empirical analysis supports both these assumptions. The populations of the three countries share the same understanding of transnational solidarity even though the willingness to express cross-country risk-sharing and redistribution varies significantly between the states. The study contributes to current research in the fields of European integration, political sociology, and survey methodology.

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Section: The Two-dimensional Concept Of Transnational Solidaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transnational Solidarity Within the EU: Public Support for Risk-Sharing and Redistribution

Reinl¹

2022

Soc Indic Res

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“…When European integration policies are generally rejected, willingness to financially invest in the stability of the community or to assist fellow states in crisis should also be low. In the citizenry, Eurosceptic sentiments correlate with feelings of low transnational solidarity (Baute et al, 2019;Reinl, 2020), and Eurosceptic parties tend to vote against anticrisis measures (Maatsch, 2016). In contrast, those citizens who identify with the EU are more likely to favor financial emergency relief (Gerhards et al, 2019: 88).…”

Section: Attitudinal Base Of Transnational Solidaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transnational solidarity among political elites: what determines support for financial redistribution within the EU in times of crisis?

Reinl¹,

Giebler

2021

Eur. Pol. Sci. Rev.

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As a consequence of the European Economic Crisis, the European Union (EU) has implanted mechanisms to assist fellow member states facing economic difficulties. Despite an increasing academic interest in public preferences for such intra-EU solidarity measures, research has so far largely ignored individual characteristics that could possibly influence politicians’ views. In this paper, we look at politicians’ preferences for transnational solidarity and argue that these preferences depend on attitudes regarding socioeconomic issues as well as attitudes related to the EU. Moreover, we hypothesize that the relationship is moderated by responsibility attribution and the economic situation in a country. Using survey data of about 4000 politicians running for office in nine EU countries, we find that transnational solidarity is more common for socioeconomically left-wing and pro-EU politicians. Yet, attitudinal differences only cease to matter when the beneficiary state is perceived responsible for the crisis and economic problems at home are low.

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“…This was also the case in founding countries, such as Italy and France, and in other MS, such as Portugal, Denmark, and Austria (details are provided in Table 8). This result may be related to the controversial state of transnational solidarity between EU MS and the rise of anti-Europeanism (Grimmel and Giang, 2017;Ettore and Adrian, 2019;Reinl, 2020). Even if from another perspective, the item investigating concern about the living condition of immigrants could also be differently interpreted cross-culturally.…”

Section: Measurement Equivalence Of First-order Factor Model Of Solidaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Compare Solidarity Across Europe? What, Why, When, and How to Assess Exact and Approximate Equivalence of First- and Second-Order Factor Models

Lomazzi

2021

Front. Polit. Sci.

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Although measurement invariance is widely considered a precondition for meaningful cross-sectional comparisons, substantive studies have often neglected evaluating this assumption, thereby risking drawing conclusions and making theoretical generalizations based on misleading results. This study offers a theoretical overview of the key issues concerning the measurement and the comparison of socio-political values and aims to answer the questions of what must be evaluated, why, when, and how to assess measurement equivalence. This paper discusses the implications of formative and reflective approaches to the measurement of socio-political values and introduces challenges in their comparison across different countries. From this perspective, exact and approximate approaches to equivalence are described as well as their empirical translation in statistical techniques, such as the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) and the frequentist alignment method. To illustrate the application of these methods, the study investigates the construct of solidarity as measured by European Values Study (EVS) and using data collected in 34 countries in the last wave of the EVS (2017–2020). The concept is captured through a battery of nine items reflecting three dimensions of solidarity: social, local, and global. Two measurement models are hypothesized: a first-order factor model, in which the three independent dimensions of solidarity are correlated, and a second-order factor model, in which solidarity is conceived according to a hierarchical principle, and the construct of solidarity is reflected in the three sub-factors. In testing the equivalence of the first-order factor model, the results of the MGCFA indicated that metric invariance was achieved. The alignment method supported approximate equivalence only when the model was reduced to two factors, excluding global solidarity. The second-order factor model fit the data of only seven countries, in which this model could be used to study solidarity as a second-order concept. However, the comparison across countries resulted not appropriate at any level of invariance. Finally, the implications of these results for further substantive research are discussed.

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Euroscepticism in Times of European Crises: The Role of Solidarity

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Transnational Solidarity Within the EU: Public Support for Risk-Sharing and Redistribution

Transnational Solidarity Within the EU: Public Support for Risk-Sharing and Redistribution

Transnational solidarity among political elites: what determines support for financial redistribution within the EU in times of crisis?

Can We Compare Solidarity Across Europe? What, Why, When, and How to Assess Exact and Approximate Equivalence of First- and Second-Order Factor Models

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