EUS and EUS-FNA of Intramural Masses of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Proximal Intestinal Tract

Bardales, Ricardo H.; Mallery, Shawn

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12796-5_5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The majority of mesenchymal neoplasms of the digestive system are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which develop from interstitial Cajal cells [1,2]. GISTs typically manifest as a sharply demarcated submucosal or subserosal mass in the small intestine (25%) and stomach (60%), but can also occur less commonly in the colon, rectum, esophagus, mesentery, and omentum [3,4]. They often have spindled (70%), epithelioid (20%), or mixed (10%) cytomorphology characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Molecule c-KIT Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Review on Synthesis, Design Strategies, and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR)

Godesi

Lee

Nada

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The proto-oncogenic protein, c-KIT, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular transformation and differentiation processes, such as proliferation, survival, adhesion, and chemotaxis. The overexpression of, and mutations, in c-KIT can lead to its dysregulation and promote various human cancers, particularly gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs); approximately 80–85% of cases are associated with oncogenic mutations in the KIT gene. Inhibition of c-KIT has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for GISTs. However, the currently approved drugs are associated with resistance and significant side effects, highlighting the urgent need to develop highly selective c-KIT inhibitors that are not affected by these mutations for GISTs. Herein, the recent research efforts in medicinal chemistry aimed at developing potent small-molecule c-KIT inhibitors with high kinase selectivity for GISTs are discussed from a structure–activity relationship perspective. Moreover, the synthetic pathways, pharmacokinetic properties, and binding patterns of the inhibitors are also discussed to facilitate future development of more potent and pharmacokinetically stable small-molecule c-KIT inhibitors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Molecule c-KIT Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Review on Synthesis, Design Strategies, and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR)

Godesi

Lee

Nada

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…The combination of direct FNA smears and NRCBs have improved the diagnostic rate in 15% to 24% of human medicine cases 6,7 . In human medicine, an FNA cell block is usually performed when the ultrasound findings support the diagnosis of a mesenchymal GI tumor 8 . In the veterinary field, NRCBs have been applied to bone marrow samples, 9 and a simplified version of the technique has been proposed 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Needle rinse cell blocks as an ancillary technique: Diagnostic and clinical utility in gastrointestinal neoplasia

Marrinhas

Oliveira

Sampaio

et al. 2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background Fine‐needle aspirate (FNA) cytology is often the first‐choice method for diagnosing gastrointestinal nodular lesions. The FNA material can be converted to histopathology specimens by a needle rinse cell block (NRCB) technique, allowing ancillary studies to refine the cytologic diagnosis. Despite use in human pathology, NRCB has never been applied to canine or feline gastrointestinal neoplasia. Objective This study described NRCB methodology and its diagnostic utility in specific cases of neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions. Methods Needle rinses with saline were performed after ultrasound‐guided FNAs of two intestinal lymphomas (canine and feline) and a canine gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The NRCB was prepared using the cell tube block technique and processed for paraffin embedding. Routine immunohistochemistry protocols (using CD3, PAX‐5, and Ki‐67 for lymphoma cases and vimentin, desmin, S‐100, and KIT markers for GIST) were applied to NRCB sections, and the results were compared with matched tissue biopsies. Results NRCBs with adequate cell numbers, preservation, and good separation of blood were obtained. The diagnosis and immunophenotyping were confirmed in both cases of lymphoma in NRCBs. In the GIST, the immunolabeling of the neoplastic cells in NRCB was completely concordant with the tissue biopsy. Conclusions The described methodology is suitable for veterinary settings, having few technical requirements and low invasiveness. The presented cases of gastrointestinal neoplasia highlight the utility of NRCBs as a platform to conduct ancillary studies and refine the cytologic diagnosis.

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EUS and EUS-FNA of Intramural Masses of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Proximal Intestinal Tract

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Small Molecule c-KIT Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Review on Synthesis, Design Strategies, and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR)

Small Molecule c-KIT Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Review on Synthesis, Design Strategies, and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR)

Needle rinse cell blocks as an ancillary technique: Diagnostic and clinical utility in gastrointestinal neoplasia

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