Euthymia in Diabetes: Clinical Evidence and Practice-Based Opinion from an International Expert Group

Abstract

Aim To develop an evidence-based expert group opinion on various types of euthymia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its management. Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by diverse biomedical and psychosocial features. Emotional health disturbances may lead to psychological and psychiatric dysfunction and may negatively influence glycemic control. Patients with DM may experience diabetes distress (DD) associated with burden of self-care, interpersonal issues, and emotional worries regarding the ability to cope with the illness. Euthymia or a state of positive mental health and psychological well-being should be considered a key outcome of diabetes care. Therefore, to achieve optimal outcomes, the consideration and measurement of psychological and psychiatric aspects along with glycemic levels are very important. A group of multidisciplinary clinical experts came together in an international meeting held in India to develop a workable concept for euthymia in diabetes care. A multidisciplinary approach was suggested to enhance the clinical outcomes and facilitate patient-centered care. During the meeting emphasis was given to the concept of a euthymia model in diabetes care. This model focuses on enhancement of self-care skills in diabetic patients and preventative health awareness among diabetes care providers. Euthymia also encompasses patient–provider communication to aid enhancement of coping skills. Results After due discussions and extensive deliberations, the expert group provided several recommendations on implementing the concept of euthymia in DM care. Conclusions Introduction of the concept of euthymia in routine clinical practice is important to improve the quality of life and coping skills in patients with DM. A timely clinical assessment of psychological and psychiatric aspects along with patient-reported outcomes of diabetes contributes to overall health and well-being of affected individuals. Funding Sanofi India.

An Expert Opinion on “Glycemic Happiness”: Delineating the Concept and Determinant Factors for Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Insulin distress is characterized by dejection or denial, discomfort, and apprehension due to a perceived inability to cope with insulin therapy [5]. Strengthening the coping skills of persons with diabetes helps in the management of diabetes distress and insulin distress, which, in turn, contributes to the emotional and physical wellbeing of the person [4,6]. In other words, achieving optimum satisfaction levels in terms of diabetes control among patients is essential for improving patient-centric outcomes in diabetes care.…”

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“…Euthymia is a target, as well as a tool, for diabetes management. [ 949 950 ] Psychosocial well-being comprehends both physical and mental health, and is integral to diabetes-care and self-management. The ADA and the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) have focussed on the role of diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) on improving psychosocial benefits, including the reduction of depression.…”

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