Eutrophication and nutrient release in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa — A review

Nyenje, Philip M.; Foppen, Jan Willem; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; Kulabako, Robinah; Muwanga, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.020

Cited by 333 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Preventing eutrophication requires control of both N and P loadings into water bodies (Howarth and Marino 2006). Eutrophication related to anthropogenic activities has become a serious issue in SSA and has in some cases resulted in drastic reduction of dissolved oxygen and fish populations, and proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria blooms (Nyenje et al 2010). As reported for Lake Victoria (Kishe 2004;Odada et al 2004), eutrophication in SSA is mainly a result of soil erosion, nutrient leaching, atmospheric N deposition, runoff of organic wastes, and poor recovery of nutrients from wastewater among other sources.…”

Section: High N Loss To the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dilemma of nitrogen management for future food security in sub-Saharan Africa – a review

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Food security entails having sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. The need to optimise nitrogen (N) use for nutrition security while minimising environmental risks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is overdue. Challenges related to managing N use in SSA can be associated with both insufficient use and excessive loss, and thus the continent must address the 'too little' and 'too much' paradox. Too little N is used in food production (80% of countries have N deficiencies), which has led to chronic food insecurity and malnutrition. Conversely, too much N load in water bodies due mainly to soil erosion, leaching, limited N recovery from wastewater, and atmospheric deposition contributes to eutrophication (152 Gg N year -1 in Lake Victoria, East Africa). Limited research has been conducted to improve N use for food production and adoption remains low, mainly because farming is generally practiced by resource-poor smallholder farmers. In addition, little has been done to effectively address the 'too much' issues, as a consequence of limited research capacity. This research gap must be addressed, and supportive policies operationalised, to maximise N benefits, while also minimising pollution. Innovation platforms involving key stakeholders are required to address N use efficiency along the food supply chain in SSA, as well as other world regions with similar challenges.

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Section: High N Loss To the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fisheries). High N load into water bodies has resulted in excessive eutrophication of fresh waters and threatened the lives of various fish species (Nyenje et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilemma of nitrogen management for future food security in sub-Saharan Africa – a review

et al. 2017

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“…Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems has become one of the most severe environmental problems, especially in developing countries, and is driven by the amount of nutrient inputs from untreated sewage and agricultural wastewater (Xu et al, 2010;Pernet-Coudrier et al, 2012). The consequences of eutrophication include algal blooms, oxygen depletion, fish kills, aquatic ecosystem deterioration and increasing water treatment costs to ensure freshwater is suitable for human use (Nyenje et al, 2010;Vörösmarty et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, distribution and ecological risk assessment of phosphorus in surface sediments from different ecosystems in Eastern China: A 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance study

Zhang

Shan

et al. 2015

Ecological Engineering

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P-NMR ERI Sediment A B S T R A C TSurface sediments in different ecosystems (lake, river, reservoir, estuary and wetland) in Eastern China were extracted with NaOH-EDTA, and the extracts were analyzed by 31 P-NMR to reveal the phosphorus (P) species distribution. The P release risk was also assessed by sorption experiments. The river sediments accumulated significant amounts of P compared with other sediments. The organic phosphorus (Po) concentration in the estuarine sediment was lower than that in other sediments. Two P compounds classes (phon-P and mono-P) and five P compounds were detected in the sediments. Ortho-P (83.3-97.6%) was the dominant P compounds and mono-P (1.1-18.0%) were the dominant Po compounds classes, while smaller amounts of DNA-P (0-4.1%), pyro-P (0-4.0%) and lipid-P (0-0.8%) were found in the surface sediment. Poly-P and phon-P were detected only in site 11 (wetland), site 10 (wetland) and 11, respectively. The ERI values, as a measure of eutrophication risk, were different in the various sediments, being greater than 25% in sites 1 (river), 3 (estuary) and 4 (estuary), and with values of 26, 59 and 83%, respectively. The Xm and ERI values fitted a power function (R Xm-ERI = 0.89, p < 0.01) and a positive correlation between Xm and OM in the sediment (R Xm-OM = 0.84, p < 0.01) indicated that the chemicalphysical conditions play a vital role in controlling P sorption and desorption.

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“…Land use activities such as agriculture, deforestation, inter-basin water transfers, mining, and wastewater discharges and natural factors such as climatic, hydrologic and geologic conditions affect water quality (Kemka et al, 2006;Out et al, 2010;Nyenje et al, 2010). For example, the water quality of Lake Loskop in South Africa, has been affected by acid mine drainage and high nutrient concentration from its catchment area (Oberholster et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Water Transfer from Swakoppoort and Omatako Dams on the Water Quality of Von Bach Dam, Namibia

Sirunda¹,

Mazvimavi

2013

SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science

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Eutrophication and nutrient release in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa — A review

Cited by 333 publications

References 71 publications

Dilemma of nitrogen management for future food security in sub-Saharan Africa – a review

Dilemma of nitrogen management for future food security in sub-Saharan Africa – a review

Characteristics, distribution and ecological risk assessment of phosphorus in surface sediments from different ecosystems in Eastern China: A 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance study

The Effects of Water Transfer from Swakoppoort and Omatako Dams on the Water Quality of Von Bach Dam, Namibia

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