Euxyl K 400: a new sensitizer in cosmetics

Tosti, Antonella; Guerra, Liliana; Bardazzi, Federico; Gasparri, F

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01794.x

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…was not considered relevant (14). Further cases of allergic contact dermatitis associated with the use of rinse-off products have been reported (6,29). It can be concluded that, with regard to elicitation, the safe concentration of MDBGN in rinse-off products may lie between 200 and 1000 p.p.m., and probably closer to 200 p.p.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It can be concluded that, with regard to elicitation, the safe concentration of MDBGN in rinse-off products may lie between 200 and 1000 p.p.m., and probably closer to 200 p.p.m. The actual permitted maximum concentration of (6). Analyses of leave-on products, which were considered to be relevant in MDBGN-allergic patients, contained 87 (1 product) to 399 p.p.m., with 8 products clearly >100 p.p.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some centres used 0.5% MDBGN/PE (i.e., 0.1% MDBGN), and later 1.0% (0.2% MDBGN) (9), others 2% (i.e., 0.4% MDBGN) (8,35) or 2.5% (6,36). Some prefer testing MDBGN alone with 0.3% to the combination MDBGN/PE 0.5% (0.1% MDBGN) (37,38).…”

Section: Concentration Of Mdbgn In Diagnostic Patch Testingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…increase throughout the 1990s in Germany (4,5) and in other parts of Europe (6)(7)(8), culminating in frequencies of sensitization of more than 3% by the end of the decade (9)(10)(11). Based on a model derived from clinical epidemiology and drug utilization research, we estimated the total number of people sensitized during the 90s at more than half a million in Germany alone (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in methyldibromo glutaronitrile‐sensitive patients

et al. 2005

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Contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN), often combined with phenoxyethanol (PE) (e.g., Euxyl K 400), increased throughout the 1990s in Europe. Consequently, in 2003, the European Commission banned its use in leave-on products, where its use concentration was considered too high and the non-sensitizing use concentration as yet unknown. The 2 objectives of the study are (a) to find a maximum non-eliciting concentration in a leave-on product in MDBGN/PE-sensitized patients, which could possibly also be considered safe regarding induction and (b) to find the best patch test concentration for MDBGN. We, therefore, performed a use-related test (ROAT) in patients sensitized to MDBGN/PE (n = 39) with 3 concentrations of MDBGN/PE (50, 100 and 250 p.p.m. MDBGN, respectively). A subset of these patients (n = 24) was later patch-tested with various concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5% MDBGN, respectively). 15 patients (38%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-55%) had a negative and 24 (62%; 95% CI = 45-77%) a positive overall repeated open application test (ROAT) result. 13 reacted to the lowest (50 p.p.m.), 8 to the middle (100 p.p.m.) and 3 to the highest concentration (250 p.p.m.) only. In those 13 reacting to the lowest ROAT concentration, dermatitis developed within a few days (1-7). The strength of the initial and the confirmatory patch test result, respectively, and the outcome of the ROAT were positively associated. Of the 24 patients with a use and confirmatory patch test, 15 reacted to 0.1% MDBGN, 16 to 0.2%, 17 to 0.3% and 22 to 0.5%. With the patch test concentration of 0.5%, the number of ROAT-negative patients but patch-test-positive patients increases considerably, particularly due to + reactions. A maximum sensitivity of 94% (95% CI = 70-100%) is reached with a patch test concentration of 0.2%, and is not further improved by increasing the concentration. However, the specificity decreases dramatically from 88 (95% CI = 47-100%) with 0.2% to a mere 12.5% (95% CI = 0-53%) with 0.5%. It can be concluded (a) that for MDBGN 0.2% is very likely the best patch test concentration and (b) that 50 p.p.m. in a leave-on product can elicit contact dermatitis in sensitized persons. We were, therefore, unable to find a safe, still microbicidal, concentration for leave-on products. By contrast, with other contact allergens, dose-response use tests may be able to identify a non-eliciting concentration, which could give valuable clues to a non-inducing (i.e., safe) concentration in products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concentration Of Mdbgn In Diagnostic Patch Testingmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in methyldibromo glutaronitrile‐sensitive patients

et al. 2005

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“…The Italian investigators, Tosti et al [17] (1988-1990) tested 2,057 consecutive patients with suspected contact dermatitis to Euxyl K400 2.5% pet. and ethanol.…”

Section: Frequency Of Contact Sensitisation To Euxyl K400mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyldibromoglutaronitrile: An Increasingly Important Allergen in the UK

2003

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Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) was introduced to the European market in 1985, as a preservative for cosmetics, toiletries and industrial products. Since its introduction 17 years ago, studies both in Europe and North America have highlighted it as an increasing new allergen especially in cosmetics. In industry, as MDBGN supersedes isothiazolinones in a wide range of products, its emergence as an important allergen in occupational contact dermatitis becomes more apparent. Dermatologists in the UK need to be aware of this rising new allergen and that the dermatitis can affect not only the head and neck region but also the perianal skin or hands when due to cosmetics, toiletries or industrial products, respectively.

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2‐Brom‐2‐(brommethyl)‐pentandinitril (1,2‐Dibrom‐2,4‐dicyanbutan) [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1996]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Euxyl K 400: a new sensitizer in cosmetics

Cited by 57 publications

References 5 publications

Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in methyldibromo glutaronitrile‐sensitive patients

Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in methyldibromo glutaronitrile‐sensitive patients

Methyldibromoglutaronitrile: An Increasingly Important Allergen in the UK

2‐Brom‐2‐(brommethyl)‐pentandinitril (1,2‐Dibrom‐2,4‐dicyanbutan) [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1996]

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