“…To evaluate the design of stairs, simulations are widely used since the building layout can be well considered. [6,7] Many useful commercial tools, such as EXIT89, [8,9] FPETool, [10] EVACNET4, [11,12] TIMTEX, [13] WAYOUT, [14] STEPS, [15] and building EXODUS, [16] are developed to simulate stair evacuation. However, evacuees' walk preferences and psychological status are not considered in existing simulations.…”