Evacuating a rolled-over school bus: Considerations for young evacuees

Abulhassan, Yousif; Davis, Jerry; Sesek, Richard; Schall, Mark C.; Gallagher, Sean

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2017.07.017

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We have not found any articles dealing with trial evacuation of people from buses in a road tunnel in reduced visibility conditions. However, a research group from Murray State University and Auburn University considered different issues regarding evacuation from a school bus located in a road [ 16 , 17 ]. They analyzed the evacuation process of different groups of children.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian behavior during evacuation from road tunnel in smoke condition—Empirical results

2018

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Five evacuation experiments were performed in a road tunnel in order to test how pedestrians react when exposed to reduced visibility, how the decision making process is carried out, and finally what is the impact of various circumstances like: different level of smokiness, competitive behavior or learning effect on an evacuation process. In four experiments pedestrians were exposed to artificial, non-toxic smoke. During evacuation of a group of people gathered in low and moderate level of smokiness (when Cs < 0.5m−1) we observed multi-line patterns created by pedestrians. Decision making was engaged in only by the first group of passengers, while under heavy smokiness Cs > 0.7m−1 we have observed decision making by small groups and characteristic double-lines patterns. In four experiments the same group of participants was involved, and a learning effect was observed: increasingly shorter pre-movement time and decreasing time required to leave the main tunnel. We show, that movement speed in smoke is influenced by the evacuees’ attitude and familiarity with environment and evacuation procedures and not only by the visibility level.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian behavior during evacuation from road tunnel in smoke condition—Empirical results

2018

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“…The strength capabilities of children aged 6 is evaluated and it is pointed out that children are unable to operate the rolled-over school bus rear emergency door of maximum designed force and the last row of seats impact the flow of evacuation children. (Abulhassan et al, 2018) However, there is still a lack of quantitative description of children movement characteristics up to now. Researches on the dynamics of children movement needs to be supported by richer data and the difference between children and adults is still lack of in-depth study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on the bottleneck flow between preschool children and adults under different movement motivations

Zhang

Yang³

et al. 2020

Safety Science

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Highlights  We analyze bottleneck flow of preschool children in a laboratory experiment.  The pedestrian flow of children and adult under different movement motivations are compared.  The relation between flow and bottleneck width for children and adults are unified.  Arch-like and teardrop-shape distribution are observed for the children' and adults' movement respectively. Abstract:Understanding on children's movement characteristics is significant to improve their safety levels especially under emergencies. In this work, we performed laboratory experiment to investigate the dynamics of preschool children passing through bottlenecks under high movement motivation. It is found that the relations between flow and bottleneck width for adults and children can be unified when the body size and movement motivation are considered in certain way. High movement motivation leads to competition among pedestrians, which results in different spatial-temporal distribution of the density and speed compared to normal movement of adult. Based on Voronoi method, an arch-like distribution is observed for the children movement with competition, whereas it is teardrop-shaped for the adults without competition. The peak density of children, which reaches nearly 14 ped/m 2 , appears at the place 30 cm away from the bottleneck entrance. However, it is about 100 cm to the bottleneck for adults. Besides, several typical behaviors of children like guiding, pushing as well as playing are observed in the experiment. The findings in this study will benefit the evacuation drill design as well as the facility design for children.

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“…Installation of passenger cocooning shields could have adverse repercussions on school bus passenger safety in the event of an accident as it introduces a hard surface that surrounds the cranial region of the body. Several studies have addressed concerns for emergency evacuation times of school buses ( Abulhassan, Davis, Sesek, Schall, and Gallagher, 2018a ; Abulhassan, Davis, Sesek, Schall, and Gallagher, 2016). The addition of passenger cocooning shields on school buses could further slow evacuation times in certain post-accident scenarios such as rollovers where passengers might have to climb over the shields to reach emergency exits.…”

Section: Results (Countermeasures)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for the transportation of school aged children amid the Coronavirus pandemic

Abulhassan¹,

Davis²

2021

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

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Highlights Anthropometry of children should be considered in virus control countermeasures. A bus monitor is necessary to ensure passenger compliance with countermeasures. Physical distancing on school buses may not be feasible on school buses. A systematic approach is necessary when implementing change to school bus cabins.

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Evacuating a rolled-over school bus: Considerations for young evacuees

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Pedestrian behavior during evacuation from road tunnel in smoke condition—Empirical results

Pedestrian behavior during evacuation from road tunnel in smoke condition—Empirical results

A comparative study on the bottleneck flow between preschool children and adults under different movement motivations

Considerations for the transportation of school aged children amid the Coronavirus pandemic

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