Evacuation of Children: Movement on Stairs and on Horizontal Plane

Larusdottir, Aldis Run; Dederichs, Anne

doi:10.1007/s10694-010-0177-6

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…From the perspective of human beings, some researchers thought that the occupants age could influence the result of evacuation; therefore, analyzing the evacuation situation of the elder and children is important to research the influence degree of occupants age [16][17][18]. In addition to the difference of age, there are many factors in the process of evacuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Evacuation Capacity of Parallel Double Running Stairs in Different Merging Form Based on Simulation

Zheng

Xie

Tian

et al. 2018

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

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In order to analyze the evacuation capacity of parallel double running stairs, a dozen stairs merging forms are set by investigation and statistics, and the improved agent-based evacuation model that considers the merging behavior is used to simulate the process of merging and evacuation in the stairs. The stairs evacuation capacity is related to the evacuation time and the robustness of stairs, and the evacuation time can be calculated by using the improved agent-based model based on computer simulation. The robustness of each merging form can be obtained according to the fluctuation degree of evacuation time under the different pedestrian flow. The evaluation model of stairs evacuation capacity is established by fusing the evacuation time and the robustness of stairs. Combined with the specific example to calculate the evacuation capacity of each stairs form, it is found that every merging form has different evacuation time and different robustness, and the evacuation time has not positive correlation with the robustness for the same form stairs. Meanwhile, the evacuation capacity of stairs is not related to the number of the floor entrances. Finally, the results show that the evacuation capacity of stairs is optimal when the floor entrances are close to out stairs in parallel double running stairs and suitable to the case where pedestrian flow and the change of pedestrian flow are large.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Evacuation Capacity of Parallel Double Running Stairs in Different Merging Form Based on Simulation

Zheng

Xie

Tian

et al. 2018

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

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“…The population of the western world comprises of between 15 and 20 % children aged 0-14 years [1,2]. However, information on this part of the population is often neglected in fire safety design even in case of school buildings [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing literature provides a number of case studies on real fire incidents as well as experiments concerning fire and evacuations [1,5,6]. However, they provide design parameters and models on walking speed in horizontal plan and in stairs and flow through doors as well as other aspects relevant for evacuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are applied in models and introduced in simulation programs for prediction of the evacuation process. The majority of previous studies deal with the evacuation behavior of adults where users are expected to be able to bring themselves to safety in case of an evacuation [1]. These include studies on evacuation dynamics in private, public, and commercial buildings with different occupational hours, where the evacuees are either familiar or unfamiliar with the building [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that more children and younger children are in daycare centers during the day. Still few studies exist on evacuation of young children, such as daycare centers or other places were a large number of children are located [1,[22][23][24] Hence, there exists very little data and no model describing walking speeds, flow or densities particularly of children of this young age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Step Towards Including Children's Evacuation Parameters and Behavior in Fire Safe Building Design

Larusdottir

Dederichs

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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An important part the world's population is neglected in today's fire safety design -children. The vast amounts of data as well as the empirical models applied describe adults. This paper embraces the fact that there is a difference between children and adults, regarding evacuation and that children's movement parameters are age dependent. On the basis of 16 full-scale evacuation experiments made in 10 Danish daycare centers the present paper gives input data applicable in fire safety design on flow through doors, walking speed in horizontal plane and spiral stairs. Parameters distinguish small children in the age of 0-2 years from older ones in the age 3-6 years. An empirical model of children´s flow through doors is introduced. The effect of using alarm/warning system on pre-evacuation time is briefly discussed. Behavioral aspects are also considered where possible. It is found that there is a higher need of physical assistance during evacuation for children in the age of 0-2 years, than for children aged 3-6. Children aged 3-6 years are keen to run during evacuations. Furthermore it was observed that children are used to following rules and routines which they continue doing during the evacuation. At last the effect of affiliation during the evacuation was seen among the children.

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Engineering egress data considering pedestrians with reduced mobility

Geoerg

Berchtold

Gwynne³

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary To quantify the evacuation process, evacuation practitioners use engineering egress data describing the occupant movement characteristics. These data are typically based to young and fit populations. However, the movement abilities of occupants who might be involved in evacuations are becoming more variable—with the building populations of today typically including increasing numbers of individuals: with impairments or who are otherwise elderly or generally less mobile. Thus, there will be an increasing proportion of building occupants with reduced ability to egress. For safe evacuation, there is therefore a need to provide valid engineering egress data considering pedestrians with disabilities. Gwynne and Boyce recently compiled a series of data sets related to the evacuation process to support practitioner activities in the chapter Engineering Data in the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. This paper supplements these data sets by providing information on and presenting data obtained from additional research related to the premovement and horizontal movement of participants with physical‐, cognitive‐, or age‐related disabilities. The aim is to provide an overview of currently available data sets related to, and key factors affecting the egress performance of, mixed ability populations which could be used to guide fire safety engineering decisions in the context of building design.

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Evacuation of Children: Movement on Stairs and on Horizontal Plane

Cited by 67 publications

References 10 publications

Analysis of the Evacuation Capacity of Parallel Double Running Stairs in Different Merging Form Based on Simulation

Analysis of the Evacuation Capacity of Parallel Double Running Stairs in Different Merging Form Based on Simulation

A Step Towards Including Children's Evacuation Parameters and Behavior in Fire Safe Building Design

Engineering egress data considering pedestrians with reduced mobility

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