Evaluación antihelmíntica de cuatro extractos de árboles forrajeros contra el nematodo Haemonchus contortus bajo condiciones in vitro

Introduction: Gastrointestinal parasites have always been a problem, and they are likely to continue to be a long-term issue that threatens the livestock industry. Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of various fenbendazole and ivermectin brands against Strongyle nematodes in naturally infected horses in Holeta, central Ethiopia. A total of 120 horses were divided into three groups at random. Group 1 horses were left untreated (n=12), while group 2 horses were given five different brands of ivermectin (SG-Ivermectin 1%, Tecmectin, Ivertong, ivermectin 1%, and Ivervik 1%), and group 3 horses were given four different brands of fenbendazole (Fenbendazole, Fenacure 750 mg, Hunter 22%, and Fenacure 22%). Fecal samples were collected rectally and parasitologically processed using the modified McMaster method and fecal culture, respectively, to determine egg per gram (EPG) and Strongyle species. The efficacy of these anthelmintics was determined by comparing the EPG before (day 0) and after treatment using a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) (day 14). Results: The results of this study revealed that the efficacy of ivermectin brands was superior to that of fenbendazole brands. Horses treated with Ivervik 1%, Hunter 22%, SG-Ivermectin 1%, Tecmectin, Ivertong, and Fenacure 22% had the highest reduction in fecal egg counts, followed by horses treated with fenbendazole, ivermectin 1%, and Fenacure 750 mg. Conclusion: Based on the results of this field study, it can be concluded that the various brands of ivermectin and fenbendazole are effective against Strongyle spp. and P. equorum in horses.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effectiveness of Various Brands of the Drugs Fenbendazole and Ivermectin in Treating Horses with Strongyle Nematodes in Holeta, Oromia, Central Ethiopia

Gebremeskel,

Kebede

2024

Eye on Advances in Parasitology Diagnostics

El-Tonsy,

Nazeer

2024

Parasitic infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is mandatory for effective clinical management. However, the diagnosis of parasitic diseases is defective, especially in developing countries. Researchers have developed new advanced parasitology diagnostics such as smartphones, digital PCR, internet-based bio-surveillance, DNA barcoding, and geometric morphometric analysis. They revealed better sensitivity and specificity, fewer human mistakes, and lower costs. The introduction of artificial intelligence will revolutionize diagnostics when used with these new approaches. Some limitations may be present in developing countries such as internet access and steady Wi-Fi coverage. Hence, combining conventional and advanced methods may decrease limitations and improve diagnosis.

Multiple Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles arabiensis Patton in Khartoum State, Sudan, with High Pyrethroid Resistance Associated with Knockdown Resistant (kdr) Gene

Korti,

Abuelmaali,

Ageep

et al. 2024

Introduction: Insecticide resistance is one of the major challenges in vector control programs around the globe. This study investigated the insecticide resistance and kdr mutation in the Anopheles arabiensis malaria vector in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: Entomological cross-sectional surveys were carried out at four urban and suburban sites in Khartoum State. Four insecticides were tested for World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility, and kdr frequencies were estimated using two allele-specific PCR assays. Results: WHO bioassay tests revealed that DDT, malathion, and permethrin showed high resistance in both urban and suburban sites. There is no significant difference in mortality rates between urban and suburban sites (P>0.05), with the exception of DDT, where mosquitoes from urban sites showed more susceptibility [64 (51.23-76.77)] than those from suburban areas [53.5 (69.73-95.27)]. In general, all populations from the four sites showed faster KDT50% to bendiocarb and permethrin than to malathion and DDT insecticides. Generalized linear model analysis revealed that insecticide type, site type, and their interaction were determinant factors in mortality rate. A high to moderate frequency of the West African kdr mutation (L1014F) was observed in urban and suburban sites, and the association between the presence of the kdr mutation and resistance phenotype was strong for permethrin and DDT (OR>7 in the allelic test). Conclusion: This study showed the susceptibility status of the malaria vector A. arabiensis to four insecticides belonging to different classes in urban and suburban sites. This provides important knowledge that helps vector surveillance and control programs. Additionally, more research is necessary to explore the impact of pyrethroid resistance, particularly in bednets, and other resistance mechanisms in this malaria vector.