Evaluación de la efectividad de una nueva vacuna contra la leptospirosis humana en grupos en riesgo

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a new vaccine against human leptospirosis, a prospective cohort study was done with persons in the Cuban province of Holguín who were at risk of becoming ill with leptospirosis. The study included 118,018 persons from 15 to 65 years old who were considered to face either permanent or temporary risk. The vaccinated cohort consisted of 101,137 persons. They received two vaccine doses, 6 weeks apart, of 0.50 mL via deep intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle of the nondominant arm. The unvaccinated cohort consisted of 16,881 persons. Epidemiological surveillance began 21 days after the application of the second vaccine dose and continued for 1 year. The same criteria for suspected and confirmed cases were maintained throughout the study period. At the end of the surveillance period effectiveness was calculated as being higher than 97%. It is estimated that the vaccination program prevented eight out of ten cases that would have otherwise occurred. Vaccine reactogenicity was also measured in a subsample of 1,500 persons between 15 and 65 years old. The observed symptomatology was low. Slight pain at the injection site was the most frequent symptom (25%). The results of the study indicate the usefulness of the vaccine for disease prevention among people at risk, and its use is thus recommended.

Comparative genomic analysis of Chinese human leptospirosis vaccine strain and circulating isolate

“…An inactivated whole-cell vaccine was first used in the 1920s, 5 and it is still used in humans and other animals in some countries. [6][7][8][9][10] In China, a leptospirosis vaccine was successfully developed in 1958, and production of this vaccine gradually improved with biotechnological advances. Currently, a multivalent, inactivated leptospirosis vaccine containing seven major circulating L. interrogans serogroups, namely Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Autumnalis, Pomona, Australis, and Hebdomadis, is recommended for vaccination of high-risk persons aged 7-60 y in major Leptospiraepidemic regions.…”