Evaluación Experimental Del Efecto De Dispositivos Reductores De Pesca Acompañante en Una Pesquería Artesanal De Arrastre Camaronero Del Golfo De Salamanca, Caribe Colombiano

Abstract

In the Colombian Caribbean Sea the negative impacts on the bycatch cannot be only attributed to the industrial shrimp trawl flet, but also to the artisanal flet that exploits the shrimp resource by using beach seines and trawls locally called “changas”. These fihing gears capture a high proportion of juvenile fifih, which are generally discarded. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three types of bycatch reduction devices (BRD) Florida Fisheye (FF), Squared Mesh Panel (SMP), and Radial Escapement Section (RES) in the catch of this fihery. Two trials were carried out in two contrasting seasons, one in the rainy season and one in the dry one. Each test net was towed 28-30 times in parallel (one boat with a net equipped with a BRD and a control boat with a net of the same design and dimensions but no BRD), for a total of 90 paired samples in the rainy season and 84 in the dry season. Seasonal differences in the exclusion of both shrimp and bycatch were found, due to the high catch rates of jellyfih in the dry season, which affected the normal performance of all the three types of BRDs, especially of the RES. The rainy season trials showed that, opposite to the VMC and the SRE, the OP does not reduce signifiantly (p > 0.05) the discards, but only the incidental catch (p < 0.05). Although the exclusion power of the VMC and the SRE did not signifiantly differ (p > 0.05), we conclude that the VMC is a best choice for mitigating the discards of this fihery, due to its lower cost and conveniences of handling and assembly. However, some modifiations in the location and dimensions of this BRD in the codend should be tested so as to increase the retention of shrimp during the hauling of the gear by hand. Thus, adoption of this device by fihermen would be facilitated, with the consequent environmental and socioeconomic benefis.

Length-Weight Relationships and Relative Condition Factor of 53 Species of Shallow-Water Fish in the Colombian Caribbean Sea

“…Regarding the relative condition factor, we found that around 39.6% of the species evaluated are probably in poor growth conditions, which may be related to high fshing pressure derived from industrial and artisanal fsheries that operate in the study area. All the fsh species analyzed are part of the target catch and/or bycatch of the fsheries, and the fshermen use fshing gear with low catch selectivity such as trawl nets, seine nets, and gillnets that could afect the welfare of fsh species and cause negative impacts on habitat [2,6,7,[46][47][48]. Although the results of this study were obtained from mixed sexes, they are of great importance for fsheries management, since there is no specifc fshing gear for catching each sex and the regulations derived from fsheries apply to the entire population [17].…”

Short-term changes in demersal fish assemblages exploited by an artisanal set gill net fishery in the Caribbean Sea (Colombia)

“…Cabe señalar que las especies periods (Karlsen andBjarnason 1987, Sparre andVenema 1997). Moreover, these changes could be associated with the effects of other fishing gear used in GoS, such as encircling gill nets, small trawls, and beach seines, which catch a wide variety of species as bycatch (Rueda et al 1997, Narváez et al 2008, Manjarrés et al 2014).…”

“…Estas variaciones en los tamaños de malla determinan cambios significativos en la selectividad de tallas e incluso de especies, por lo cual pueden jugar un papel determinante en los cambios observados en la composición y la estructura de los ensamblajes de peces explotados con redes de enmalle fijas en el GdS entre los 2 periodos evaluados (Karlsen y Bjarnason 1987, Sparre y Venema 1997. Asimismo, estos cambios también pueden estar relacionados con el efecto de otros tipos de arte de pesca usados en el GdS, tales como el boliche, las changas y los chinchorros de jala, los cuales capturan una amplia variedad de especies en calidad de fauna acompañante (Rueda et al 1997, Narváez et al 2008, Manjarrés et al 2014.…”