Human
heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a key factor in heterochromatin
formation and maintenance. Its chromo-shadow domain (CSD) homodimerizes,
and the HP1 dimer acts as a hub, transiently interacting with diverse
binding partner (BP) proteins. We analyze atomistic details of interactions
of the HP1γ(CSD) dimer with one of its targets, the histone H3 N-terminal
tail, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The goal is to complement
the available X-ray crystallography data and unravel potential dynamic
effects in the molecular recognition. Our results suggest that HP1(CSD)–BP
recognition involves structural dynamics of both partners, including
structural communication between adjacent binding pockets that may
fine-tune the sequence recognition. For example, HP1 Trp174 sidechain
substates may help in distinguishing residues bound in the conserved
HP1(CSD) ±2 hydrophobic pockets. Further, there is intricate
competition between the binding of negatively charged HP1 C-terminal
extension and solvent anions near the ±2 hydrophobic pockets,
which is also influenced by the BP sequence. Phosphorylated H3 Y41
can interact with the same site. We also analyze the ability of several
pair-additive force fields to describe the protein–protein
interface. ff14SB and ff99SB-ILDN* provide the closest correspondence
with the crystallographic model. The ff15ipq local dynamics are somewhat
less consistent with details of the experimental structure, while
larger perturbations of the interface commonly occur in CHARMM36m
simulations. The balance of some interactions, mainly around the anion
binding site, also depends on the ion parameters. Some differences
between the simulated and experimental structures are attributable
to crystal packing.