Research on military families has increased rapidly in the past 20 years as methodologies have become increasingly sophisticated and knowledge has accumulated. The research area is multidisciplinary, with contributions from psychologists, sociologists, social workers, psychiatrists, anthropologists, political scientists, economists, and historians. The armed forces themselves have supported much of the research, both via the activities of their uniformed and civilian personnel and through grants and contracts to civilian researchers. This research has led to a firmer understanding of the military family lifestyle, with its benefits and special challenges, and of the ways families adapt to military life.The armed forces began to pay attention to family needs in the 1960s and established organizations, such as Army Community Service, that provide various services to help families adapt to the demands of military life, including information and referral services, lending closets, and family counseling. The recognition by policymakers of the difficulties military families face has fostered the development of programs and services for families.