Evaluating and photographing experimentally induced stomach ulcers

Mikhail, A.A.; Holland, Heidrun

doi:10.1016/0022-3999(66)90005-5

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The number of erosions was recorded by macroscopical examination. For further confirmation of the nature of the lesions eight stomachs were examined histologically (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cod liver oil decreases arachidonic acid in rat gastric mucosa and increases stress‐induced gastric erosions

Ólafsson¹,

Hallgrímsson²,

Gudbjarnason³

2000

Lipids

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of long-term feeding of dietary fat rich in either n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on the availability of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in major phospholipids of gastric mucosa in rats. Three groups of male Wistar rats were fed either a standard diet, a cod liver oil-enriched diet (10% by weight), or a corn oil-enriched diet (10% by weight) for 8 mon. Dietary cod liver oil significantly reduced the level of 20:4n-6 in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of gastric mucosa. The loss of 20:4n-6 was compensated for by eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) in PC, whereas the decrease in 20:4n-6 in PE corresponded to the increase in three n-3 fatty acids: 20:5n-3, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). The level of 20:5n-3 was higher than the level of 22:6n-3 both in PC and PE of mucosa in rats fed cod liver oil. Diets supplemented with corn oil increased the level of 18:2n-6 but decreased the monoene fatty acids 16:1 and 18:1n-7 in PC but not in PE of gastric mucosa. The 20:4n-6 levels of both PC and PE were markedly reduced by dietary cod liver oil, to about one-third of control levels. Similar changes were also observed in the stomach wall. Gastric erosions were observed in all rats exposed to restriction stress, but this form of stress induced twice the number of erosions in rats fed fish oil compared to control rats or rats fed corn oil. We conclude that a diet rich in fish oil altered the balance between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in major gastric mucosal phospholipids, markedly reduced the availability of 20:4n-6, and increased the incidence of gastric erosions induced by restriction or emotional stress.

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“…The number of erosions was recorded by macroscopical examination. For further confirmation of the nature of the lesions eight stomachs were examined histologically (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cod liver oil decreases arachidonic acid in rat gastric mucosa and increases stress‐induced gastric erosions

Ólafsson¹,

Hallgrímsson²,

Gudbjarnason³

2000

Lipids

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“…The incidence of gastric mucosal lesions was determined, as previously described (Nemeroff et al, 1982), according to the following scale: 0, no pathology; 1 + , gross gastric mucosal ulceration. The severity of lesions was assessed by counting the number of gastric ulcers per rat as previously described (Mikhail and Holland, 1966).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of centrally administered neuropeptides on the development of stress‐induced gastric ulcers in rats

Hernández¹,

Nemeroff

Orlando

et al. 1983

J of Neuroscience Research

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Neurotensin (NT) and bombesin, which are heterogeneously distributed in both brain and gastrointestinal tissue of several mammalian species, inhibit the formation of stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Many other endogeneous neuropeptides have also been reported to be present in brain and gastrointestinal tissue. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of some of these peptides on the development of cold-restraint stress (CRS)-induced gastric ulcers in rats. In addition, the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which antagonizes many of the CNS effects of NT, was investigated to determine whether this tripeptide antagonizes the cytoprotective effect of NT in this CRS model. All peptides were initially administered intracisternally (ic) in doses equimolar to 30 micrograms NT. As previously reported, NT (30 micrograms, ic) completely prevented the development of gastric ulcers in rats exposed to three hours of CRS. Bombesin, beta-endorphin, substance P, and somatostatin also exhibited cytoprotective activity. Several other peptides studied in the CRS model exerted no significant effects on the development of gastric ulcers; these included cholecystokinin octapeptide, gastrin, leu-enkephalin, met-enkephalin, and bradykinin. Two peptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and TRH, significantly increased the severity of gastric ulcerations. The cytoprotective effect of NT was dose dependent. In contrast, lower doses of beta-endorphin, substance P, and somatostatin were cytoprotective whereas higher doses were not. Finally, concomitant ic injections of TRH antagonized the cytoprotective effects of NT and bombesin, but not that of beta-endorphin. The present results suggest that certain brain peptides may participate in modulating the gastric mucosal barrier, thereby increasing or decreasing its vulnerability to stress-induced lesions.

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“…The stomach was then removed and opened by an incision along the greater curvature. The accumulated juice was drained into a centrifuge tube through a funnel, and the stomach wall was examined for uleeration (Mikhail & Holland, 1966). It should be noted that the procedure of pylorus ligation is an established technique for the experimental production of stomach ulcers which develop in the rumen particularly (Shay et al, 1945).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute and chronic stress situations on stomach acidity in rats.

Aa¹

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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The effects of acute (Experiment 1) and chronic (Experiment 2) conditioned fear on gastric acidity were tested in pylorus-ligated rats. Experiment 1 indicated that the acidity of rats exposed to conditioned fear during 14 hr. of accumulation of gastric juice was not significantly different from that of control rats. In Experiment 2, however, it was found that subjects from two experimental groups which received 7 days of stimulation by light and shock followed by further stimulation during 14 hr. of pylorus ligation had significantly lower gastric acidity than control animals. These observations support the view that the sympathetic activity associated with fear-provoking situations, particularly chronic ones, suppresses rather than promotes gastric acidity.

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Evaluating and photographing experimentally induced stomach ulcers

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Dietary cod liver oil decreases arachidonic acid in rat gastric mucosa and increases stress‐induced gastric erosions

Dietary cod liver oil decreases arachidonic acid in rat gastric mucosa and increases stress‐induced gastric erosions

The effect of centrally administered neuropeptides on the development of stress‐induced gastric ulcers in rats

Effects of acute and chronic stress situations on stomach acidity in rats.

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