Evaluating Antiinflammatory and Antiandrogenic Effects of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) in HaCaT cells

Abstract

Lepidium sativum L. (Brassicaceae) (Ls), garden cress, is an edible herb that is botanically related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery, tangy flavor and aroma. The various parts of the plant have been traditionally used for many respiratory, rheumatologic, cardiovasculary, metabolic, and gastrointestinal disorders. Several studies were performed showing its antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative as well as tissue protective effects. In all of these studies the positive effects of Ls were concluded as the result of its antioxidant features due to the polyphenols and organosulphur compounds. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, antimitotic and antiandrogenic effects of Ls leaf extract in HaCaT cells. The gene expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α), and 5 alpha-reductase type II (SRD5A2) were studied. Gene expressions were determined by RT-qPCR analysis. Fold change results of the gene expression analyses showed that the plant extract caused statistically significant downregulation of VEGF (0.2167, p<0.0001), p = 0.0262), and SRD5A2 (0.0567, p<0.0001). The fold change for IL-1α was 0.6900 and this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.1522). These preliminary results may partially explain the clinical success of Ls in the traditional medicine. Considering these results, topical application of Lepidium sativum extract may be beneficial for inflammatory, androgen dependent disorders of the skin.

Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Skin Regenerative Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Plants of the Brassicaceae Family: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Evidence (Biological Activities Brassicaceae Skin Diseases)

“…Most cells were cultured in DMEM (83.33%; n = 5) or EPI-500 (16.67%; n = 1) medium. The main characteristics related to in vitro studies are described in detail in Table S3 [ 16 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of Lepidium sativum

“…An in vitro study by Türkoğlu et al investigated the effects of L. sativum leaf extract on human keratinocyte cells. They showed that this extract (10 g/100 mL) altered the expression levels of several genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), and 5 alpha-reductase type II (SRD5A2) in cultured keratinocyte cells [ 53 ].…”

“…In the study by Türkoğlu et al, the anti-inflammatory effects of L. sativum leaf extract were attributed to the lowering of TNF- α , SRD5A2, and VEGF levels. These changes could be caused by the organosulphur and phenolic compounds of the plant, which are effective in free radical scavenging [ 53 ]. In agreement with this proposal, Ahmad et al showed that L. sativum seeds reduced the inflammatory factors and TNF- α present in E. coli -stimulated mouse plasma [ 54 ].…”

Biodiversity of wild spice plants of the Central Kazakhstan region and their medicinal potential

“…There have been several studies demonstrating its antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative and tissue protective effects. In all of these studies, its beneficial effect was in its antioxidant properties due to polyphenols and organosulfur compounds (Türkoğlu et al 2018). L. sativum methanol extract successfully controls diabetes, increases antioxidants and improves lipid profile (Attia et al 2019).…”