Evaluating children’s handwashing in schools: an integrative review of indicative measures and measurement tools

Rutter, Sophie; Macduff, Colin; Stones, Catherine; Escalada, Margarita Gomez

doi:10.1080/09603123.2019.1625032

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Many stressed the need to look beyond academic publications for evidence, and to value the expertise and lived experience of one’s community who are experts in their own lives, particularly their health seeking and hygiene behaviours which likely influence AMR. Preliminary dialogue with the community and wider stakeholder network was seen as crucial to formulating AMR research questions and deciding on methodology, as exemplified by Case Study 4 [ 29–31 ]. Pilot and pre-testing phases were encouraged to ensure methods and approaches best fit the context in which one is working.…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The values and principles underpinning community engagement approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Mitchell

Cooke

Baral

et al. 2019

Global Health Action

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Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The values and principles underpinning community engagement approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Mitchell

Cooke

Baral

et al. 2019

Global Health Action

Self Cite

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“…Product consumption has been employed as a proxy measure of hand hygiene both in the community and schools [30]. In these studies, a higher consumption of a handwashing product is considered indicative of greater hand hygiene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of microorganisms on the body (usually hands) has been used as a proxy measure in studies of school children to indicate handwashing quality [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As microorganisms are present in the environment, if there is a gap between a handwashing opportunity and the test, it may be unclear if the hands were washed or that a child simply picked up new microorganisms. Even if there is no gap between a handwashing opportunity and the test, results may be affected by the preceding event (e.g., defecation vs. urination) [30]. Even though there are limitations, testing microbial load is still a key evaluation, as it is the only measure that irrefutably indicates that effective handwashing has taken place.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness and Efficiency of Persuasive Space Graphics (PSG) in Motivating UK Primary School Children’s Hand Hygiene

Rutter

Stones

Jane

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Good hand hygiene is necessary to control and prevent infections, but many children do not adequately wash their hands. While there are classroom communications targeted at children, the toilet space, the location of many hand hygiene activities, is neglected. This paper describes an initial evaluation of “123” persuasive space graphics (images and messages integrated within an architectural environment that encourage specific actions). The effectiveness (whether hand hygiene improves) and efficiency (the ease with which a setting can adopt and implement an intervention) is evaluated in three UK schools and one museum. Five evaluations (participant demographic, handwashing frequency, handwashing quality, design persuasiveness, stakeholder views) were conducted. In the school settings, persuasive space graphics increased the quality and frequency of handwashing. In the museum setting, frequency of handwashing slightly increased. In all settings children found the graphics persuasive, and stakeholders also believed them to be effective. Stakeholders considered persuasive space graphics a low-cost and time-efficient way to communicate. It can be concluded that persuasive space graphics are effective in increasing hand hygiene, particularly in school settings where children have a longer exposure to the graphics. Persuasive space graphics are also an efficient low-cost means of communicating hand hygiene.

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“…The molecular weight (MW), molecular formula (MF) and structure of characterized compounds are summarized in Table 4. Majority of the identified compounds were found biological active and they are reported as anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant (Propyl carbamate), [37] anticancer, anti-diabetic (Cyclotrisilioxane hexamethyl), [38] estrogenic (Decamethyltetrasiloxane), [39] and anti-oxidant (Adrenaline), [40] agents [Table 4]. Analysis of chromatogram and mass spectrum data of hit compounds revealed the presence of variety of plant components.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysis Of Metpmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS Analysis and Thrombolytic Property of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Terminalia pallida Brandis against Carrageenan Instigated Tail Thrombosis Model in Mice

Guguloth¹,

Narender²,

Prasanth³

2021

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Background: Several plants of Terminalia species are being reported as medicinally useful.Terminalia pallida Brandis is one of the plants of the Combretaceae family, which constitutes several pharmacologically active substances. Present work explored leaf extract's thrombolytic property, which could serve as the superior choice for currently using drugs. Objectives: The present study primarily focused on investigating the phyto-constituents such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanolic leaf extract followed by GC-MS analysis and determining the in vitro thrombin inhibition and in vivo thrombolysis activity. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice (total = 36) were randomly distributed into six groups (n=6). Thrombosis was instigated by injecting 40 µL of 1% carrageenan (Type-I) via the subplantar region of the right hind paw of each mouse. The plant extract was screened for its in vitro thrombin inhibitory potency. In animal studies, the size of the blood clots in mouse tails was recorded by administering the plant extracts at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight for every 24, 48 and 72 hr, respectively. Results: A dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg of the extract showed significant thrombolytic activity at 24, 48, and 72 hr (p< 0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner when correlated with the control group. A reduction in the length of blood clots (p< 0.01) was observed at 48 and 72 hrs. In acute oral toxicity study, administration of leaf extract showed no mortality and no significant behavioral changes up to 2000 mg/kg dose. The GC-MS analysis explored the occurrence of about 16 eluted compounds; among these, few have been reported as medicinally useful, which accounts for the therapeutic importance of the plant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the methanolic extract of T. pallida Brandis leaves at 200, and 300 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of the Thrombosis in carrageenan instigated model of mice and in vitro thrombin activity.

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Evaluating children’s handwashing in schools: an integrative review of indicative measures and measurement tools

Cited by 12 publications

References 79 publications

The values and principles underpinning community engagement approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

The values and principles underpinning community engagement approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Persuasive Space Graphics (PSG) in Motivating UK Primary School Children’s Hand Hygiene

GC-MS Analysis and Thrombolytic Property of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Terminalia pallida Brandis against Carrageenan Instigated Tail Thrombosis Model in Mice

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