Evaluating comparative β-glucan production aptitude of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Xanthomonas campestris, and Bacillus natto

Abstract

β-glucan is a natural polysaccharide derivative composed of a group of glucose monomers with β-glycoside bonds that can be synthesized intra- or extra-cellular by various microorganisms such as yeasts, bacteria, and moulds. The study aimed to discover the potential of various microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Xanthomonas campestris, and Bacillus natto in producing β-glucan. The experimental method used and the data were analyzed descriptively. The four microorganisms above were cultured under a submerged state in Yeast glucose (YG) broth for 120 h at 30 °C with 200 rpm agitation. During the growth, several parameters were examined including total population by optical density, the pH, and glucose contents of growth media. β-glucan was extracted using acid-alkaline methods from the growth media then the weight was measured. The results showed that S. cerevisiae, A. oryzae X. campestris, and B. natto were prospective for β-glucans production in submerged fermentation up to 120 h. The highest β-glucans yield was shown by B. natto (20.38%) with the β-glucans mass of 1.345 ± 0.08 mg and globular diameter of 600 μm. The highest β-glucan mass was achieved by A. oryzae of 82.5 ± 0.03 mg with the total population in optical density of 0.1246, a final glucose level of 769 ppm, the pH of 6.67, and yield of 13.97% with a globular diameter of 1400 μm.

Electro-stimulation of tofu wastewater for the production of single cell protein from various microorganisms

“…Because cell division is at its most efficient during the exponential growth phase of a microorganism's growth cycle, these organisms have a high demand for the nutrients necessary for their continued expansion. The optimal growth of microorganisms occurred at the end of the exponential phase ( Hamill et al, 2020 , Utama et al, 2021 ) .…”

“…Stationary phases was immediately followed after the exponential phase during which an equilibrium is achieved as a result of a decrease in the amount of cell division that takes place as a consequence of insufficient levels of nutrients and an accumulation of products that are toxic to cells, thus interfering with the process of cell division ( Jaishankar and Srivastava, 2017 , Allen and Waclaw, 2018 , Utama et al, 2021 ) . Because this phase does not typically last for a very long time, the best time to harvest microorganisms for optimal results is during this phase; further it is worth to mention that cells are more resistant also.…”

Potential Application of Yeast Cell Wall Biopolymers as Probiotic Encapsulants

“…For this reason, cell lysis or disruption is needed so that the cytoplasm will flow out and a pure cell wall is obtained. Extraction of β-glucan is carried out after the yeast cells have been lysed or damaged and the cytoplasm has been released [ 54 ]. Yeast cell lysis is achieved via physical (sonication and homogenization) and chemical (alkaline and acid) and/or enzymatic (lytic enzymes and glucanase) procedures.…”

An important polysaccharide from fermentum

“…However, the β-polysaccharide extracted by the acid method is not high in purity due to the mixture of glycogen, mannose and protein. Such β-polysaccharide cannot be used in industrial production that requires high purity of β-polysaccharide ( Utama et al, 2021 ). The general procedure for alkaline extraction is to suspend the Fermentum cells in a 4% NaOH solution, stir in a boiling water bath for 2 h, adjust to neutral and then centrifuge to remove the precipitate, which is then dehydrated in anhydrous ethanol and dried to obtain the finished product.…”