Evaluating Competency in Defendants with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

McLachlan, Kaitlyn

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73628-6_15

Cited by 2 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Although the BSC originally comprised multiple respondent versions, research has generally characterised the self-report version, with small variations in item wording and the number of dichotomous and Likert items across the three indicator scales (Behavioural, Historical, and Maternal). A version for federally incarcerated women was also developed (Forrester et al, 2015), andMcLachlan (2017) characterised an eight-item version derived from the full BSC in a correctional sample.…”

Section: Author (Year)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall functioning across a broad range of neurodevelopmental domains was also examined and found that profiles of impairment were generally greater in FASD groups compared to non-FASD groups (e.g. Kerodal et al, 2021;McLachlan, 2017;Mela et al, 2020Mela et al, , 2022.…”

Section: Neurodevelopmental Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across sources, 10 areas of individual-level need emerged which did not necessarily distinguish people with and without FASD in criminal legal settings but nevertheless appeared important to address and consider in the context of FASD identification and screening. Mental health and emotion regulation emerged most commonly (n = 10, 20.4%), with sources highlighting the importance of providing appropriate mental health supports among legally involved individuals with FASD, particularly for trauma and substance use (Brown et al, 2019;MacPherson et al, 2011;McLachlan, 2017;Pei et al, 2016;Popova et al, 2021;Richer & Watson, 2018) as well as tailored and targeted interventions for specific populations, such as youth (Kippin et al, 2018) and indigenous individuals (Rojas accessible FASD screening and identification approaches and tools were frequently highlighted across sources (n = 13, 25.5%), as was the need to provide comprehensive FASD and neurocognitive assessments and diagnostic services in criminal legal contexts (n = 15, 29.4%). The need to specifically identify young people with FASD in criminal legal contexts was noted as important and relevant (Heanue et al, 2022), especially given the need to develop appropriate diversionary pathways (Blagg et al, 2017) and implement FASD-focused or targeted supports (Bisgard et al, 2010;Prediger, 2003).…”

Section: Individual Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Screening and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in criminal legal settings: A realist review

Jewell,

Dunleavy,

Faitakis

et al. 2024

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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BackgroundScreening for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) has been identified as a promising approach to improve recognition, understanding and effective response to the unique needs of those with FASD in criminal legal settings. However, to date, there has been limited synthesis of relevant screening tools, indicators, or implementation considerations in this context.AimsThe present review aimed to synthesise evidence and develop a conceptual framework for understanding how, when, why, for whom and by whom FASD screening tools, items and/or indicators and characteristics serve to accurately identify people with FASD in criminal legal contexts, with consideration of individual and system needs relevant to effective implementation and response.MethodsA preregistered search was conducted using a modified realist review framework for both peer‐reviewed articles and grey literature. Included sources were available in English, which focused on individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure and/or FASD with criminal legal involvement and offered new empirical evidence. Sources were reviewed using the Quality Control Tool for Screening Titles and Abstracts by Second Reviewer framework, extracted using a structured coding form and narratively synthesised.ResultsThe search yielded 52 sources, 11 FASD screening tools designed for or applied in criminal legal settings and 38 potential FASD indicators or characteristics relevant to identifying people who may have FASD in criminal legal settings, organised into six conceptually related domains. There was limited evidence supporting the psychometric properties of screening tools across populations or settings, though growing evidence highlights the promise of some instruments. Although few studies characterised potential considerations to be made when implementing a screening tool or approach, both system and individual level needs related to recognising and effectively responding to FASD in criminal legal contexts were identified, and findings revealed strong support among legal and clinical professionals regarding the need for FASD screening in these settings.ConclusionsFindings of this review can be used to inform the development, selection, implementation and evaluation of FASD screening tools in criminal legal settings and underscore a continued need for enhanced resources, policy and cross‐sectoral response to better support the needs of people with FASD in the criminal legal contexts.

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Section: Author (Year)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurodevelopmental Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in criminal legal settings: A realist review

Jewell,

Dunleavy,

Faitakis

et al. 2024

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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“…There have been no Australian studies into the occurrence of FASD in the Indigenous adult prison population. Research from Canada indicates an elevated prevalence of FASD among the adult prison population [31, 32]. A 2011 study reported 1 in 10 ( n = 9, 9.9%) of 91 participants had FASD all of whom were Indigenous Canadian [31].…”

Section: Men With Fasd and The Criminal Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2011 study reported 1 in 10 ( n = 9, 9.9%) of 91 participants had FASD all of whom were Indigenous Canadian [31]. A 2017 study reported 14 (17.5%) of 80 participants had FASD with three‐quarters being Indigenous Canadian [32]. Undertaking a similar study in Australia would seem prudent, particularly for Indigenous Australians who make up over 30% of all prison inmates [33].…”

Section: Men With Fasd and The Criminal Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men: A discussion to be had

Doyle,

Perry,

Bower

et al. 2023

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a lifelong disability of varying severity that occurs among individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol. Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians, the effects of colonisation and ongoing racism could increase the risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Much of the research and the effort towards prevention of and caring for people with FASD in Indigenous communities has been targeted towards women and children. More support and effort towards prevention of FASD is needed across the whole Indigenous community. In this paper, we discuss several areas for increased involvement by Indigenous men in future FASD research, prevention, care and support.

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Evaluating Competency in Defendants with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 113 publications

Screening and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in criminal legal settings: A realist review

Screening and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in criminal legal settings: A realist review

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men: A discussion to be had

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