NoteDuring the past decade, in silico approaches for seeking active compounds to target proteins have become more popular in drug discovery due to significant advances in computer hardware and software. There are a large number of docking programs (e.g., DOCK, 1) AutoDock, 2) GOLD, 3) GLIDE, 4) Ph-DOCK 5) ), and many applications of these programs have been reported by various research groups. In major pharmaceutical companies, in silico approaches have been used to solve complicated drug design problems, leading to an increased appreciation and understanding of in silico approaches among medicinal chemists, pharmacological scientists and other researchers.
6,7)We have applied several in silico approaches to advance our drug discovery efforts, including structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), ligand-based drug design (LBDD), fragment-based drug design (FBDD), and assessment of proteinprotein interactions (PPI). 8) We have been particularly successful in efficiently finding active compounds for various target proteins (e.g., GPCR, kinase) by SBVS, and have generally used an in-house docking program, CONSENSUS-DOCK.9) CONSENSUS-DOCK is a customized version of the DOCK4 program in which three scoring functions (DOCK4, FlexX 10) and PMF 11) ) and consensus scoring have been implemented. We previously reported the advantages of CONSENSUS-DOCK over DOCK4 in SBVS for a target protein, death-associated protein kinases (DAPKs).9) To confirm the advantages of CONSENSUS-DOCK by using other types of proteins, we compare the docking calculation results obtained using CONSENSUS-DOCK and DOCK4 for 16 Xray crystal structures in this paper. We report that CONSEN-SUS-DOCK provided better docking calculations than DOCK4 for most of the 16 X-ray structures chosen from the Protein Data Bank (PDB).
12)In CONSENSUS-DOCK, three scoring functions (DOCK4, FlexX and PMF) are implemented in the DOCK4 program and consensus scoring 13) is performed in the pose selection, and the compounds are ranked to reduce the weaknesses of each scoring function. DOCK4 is a force field based docking program developed by Kuntz et al. 1) and is used for automated molecular docking of flexible molecules. DOCK4 uses electrostatic and van der Waals interactions evaluated over a grid to calculate the binding energy of a docked conformation. FlexX is an empirical scoring function and is implemented in the SYBYL package. Standard parameters of FlexX's scoring function are used for iterative growing and subsequent scoring of docking poses. PMF is a knowledge-based scoring function that combines the accuracy of empirical scoring functions with the advantage of higher generality and therefore wider applicability.Various kinds of consensus scores have been used by sev- We are participating in the challenge of identifying active compounds for target proteins using structurebased virtual screening (SBVS). We use an in-house customized docking program, CONSENSUS-DOCK, which is a customized version of the DOCK4 program in which three scoring functions (DOCK4, FlexX a...