Evaluating Ecological Knowledge for the Conservation of Freshwater Mussels in Türkiye

Abstract

Freshwater mussels are vital components of aquatic ecosystems, playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Despite their importance, freshwater mussels face numerous threats globally. This study evaluates the awareness and ecological knowledge of local populations regarding freshwater mussels in three distinct regions of Turkey: the Central Black Sea, Northeastern Anatolia, and Eastern Anatolia. A total of 164 face-to-face interviews were conducted between 2022 and 2024 using a stratified cluster sampling design. The study aimed to assess knowledge about both native and non-native mussel species and analyze the factors influencing this knowledge. Results showed that 83.53% of participants were aware of freshwater mussels, with significant variations based on demographic factors such as gender, age, and residence. Local residents, particularly in rural areas, demonstrated higher awareness levels. The study also revealed a potential loss of traditional ecological knowledge regarding native Unionid mussels, especially among younger generations. These findings highlight the importance of integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) with scientific ecological knowledge (SEK) in conservation efforts. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for new forms of ecological knowledge acquisition, preservation of traditional knowledge, and the development of targeted education programs to raise awareness about the ecological importance of freshwater mussels.