Evaluating effects of land management on greenhouse gas fluxes and carbon balances in boreo-temperate lowland peatland systems

Haddaway, Neal R.; Burden, Annette; Evans, Chris; Healey, John R.; Jones, Davey L.; Dalrymple, Sarah E.; Pullin, Andrew S.

doi:10.1186/2047-2382-3-5

Cited by 42 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In general, a lowering of the water table leads to increased CO 2 emissions Salm et al, 2012;Haddaway et al, 2014) as the aerobic layer is deepened and mineralisation rates are accentuated. Concurrently, CH 4 emissions (with the exception of emissions from ditches) may decrease or cease Turetsky et al, 2014), waterborne C exports may increase (Strack et al, 2008;Evans et al, 2015) and there may be a heightened risk of C loss through fire .…”

Section: Wilson Et Al: Derivation Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to highertier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country-or regional-specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO 2 -C emissions from nine peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial versus domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. Drainagerelated methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions as well as CO 2 -C emissions associated with the off-site decomposition of horticultural peat were not included here. Our results show that net CO 2 -C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat) and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 ) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg −1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 CO 2 , 8.35 methane (CH 4 ), 218 carbon monoxide (CO), 1.53 ethane (C 2 H 6 ), 1.74 ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), 0.60 methanol (CH 3 OH), 2.21 hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and 0.73 ammonia (NH 3 ), and this emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada and Fennoscandia), we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expand the global data set, as well as adding a new region.

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Section: Wilson Et Al: Derivation Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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“…Morrison et Drainage and conversion of fens to agricultural use has the capacity to alter the 56 cycling of GHGs. It is generally considered that peatland drainage leads to a decrease in CH4 57 emissions (to near-zero values), but increases in CO2 and N2O emissions (Glenn et al, 1993, 58 Martikainen et al, 1995, Alm et al, 1999, Haddaway et al, 2014. Upon draining, peatlands 59 therefore become a diminishing carbon reservoir, releasing carbon into the atmosphere that 60 was fixed over thousands of years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management effects on greenhouse gas dynamics in fen ditches

Peacock

Ridley²,

Evans

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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10Globally, large areas of peatland have been drained through the digging of ditches, generally 11 to increase agricultural production. By lowering the water table it is often assumed that 12 drainage reduces landscape-scale emissions of methane (CH4) into the atmosphere to 13 negligible levels. However, drainage ditches themselves are known to be sources of CH4 and GHGs, suggested that intensive agriculture has major effects on ditch biogeochemistry. 24Multiple regression models using environmental and water chemistry data were able to 25 explain 29-59% of observed variation in dissolved GHGs. Annual CH4 fluxes from the ditches 26 were 37.8, 18.3 and 27.2 g CH4 m -2 yr -1 for the semi-natural, grassland and cropland, and 27 annual CO2 fluxes were similar (1100 to 1440 g CO2 m -2 yr -1 ) among sites. We suggest that

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“…Aspects of quality and risk of bias from published critical appraisal frameworks in environmental science and medicine [43][44][45] were examined to develop a quality assessment approach specific to this review, similar to [46] ( Tables 5, 6 and 7). For each study, aspects of study quality contributing to a "low" or "high" risk of bias will be rated, based on specific criteria for three different study designs: (1) observational field studies, which typically sample chl-a along a gradient of nutrient concentrations; (2) mesocosm experiments; and (3) field experiments (e.g.…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems: a systematic review protocol

et al. 2017

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Background: Eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems resulting from nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is a major stressor across the globe. Despite recognition by scientists and stakeholders of the problems of nutrient pollution, rigorous synthesis of scientific evidence is still needed to inform nutrient-related management decisions, especially in streams and rivers. Nutrient stressor-response relationships are complicated by multiple interacting environmental factors, complex and indirect causal pathways involving diverse biotic assemblages and food web compartments, legacy (historic) nutrient sources such as agricultural sediments, and the naturally high spatiotemporal variability of lotic ecosystems. Determining nutrient levels at which ecosystems are affected is a critical first step for identifying, managing, and restoring aquatic resources impaired by eutrophication and maintaining currently unimpaired resources. The systematic review outlined in this protocol will compile and synthesize literature on the response of chlorophyll a to nutrients in streams, providing a state-of-the-science body of evidence to assess nutrient impacts to one of the most widely-used measures of eutrophication. This review will address two questions: "What is the response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems?" and "How are these relationships affected by other factors?" Methods: Searches for published and unpublished articles (peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed) will be conducted using bibliographic databases and search engines. Searches will be supplemented with bibliography searches and requests for material from the scientific and management community. Articles will be screened for relevance at the title/abstract and full text levels using pre-determined inclusion criteria; 10% (minimum 50, maximum 200) of screened papers will be examined by multiple reviewers to ensure consistent application of criteria. Study risk of bias will be evaluated using a questionnaire developed from existing frameworks and tailored to the specific study types this review will encounter. Results will be synthesized using meta-analysis of correlation coefficients, as well as narrative and tabular summaries, and will focus on the shape, direction, strength, and variability of available nutrientchlorophyll relationships. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression will be used to evaluate potential effects of study quality and modifying factors on nutrient-chlorophyll relationships.

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Evaluating effects of land management on greenhouse gas fluxes and carbon balances in boreo-temperate lowland peatland systems

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Management effects on greenhouse gas dynamics in fen ditches

Response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems: a systematic review protocol

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