Evaluating Feedstocks, Processes, and Products in the Teaching Laboratory: A Framework for Students To Use Metrics to Design Greener Chemistry Experiments

Silverman, Julian R.; Hudson, Reuben

doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00292

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(331 reference statements)

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“…Here, we can include these components in our determination of an intensive efficiency metric similar to yield for a reaction. To do this, we can employ many different green chemistry metrics, , though process mass efficiency (PME), the ratio of the mass of the product ( x ) to the total mass of the inputs ( u ), is appropriate for the first-semester undergraduate chemistry classroom (eqs and ) …”

Section: Expanding the Reaction System: From Yield To Process Mass Ef...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They serve to quantitatively assess the 12 principles of green chemistry which focus on distinctive areas including the safety and sustainability of reagents and products and help us evaluate different chemical transformations. By using metrics found in green chemistry research and related fields addressing sustainability, chemists and educators have the tools to better design and assess the chemicals they create and the systems they encounter. − Found in both lecture and laboratory, − in majors classes, − and in special topics courses, , green chemistry principles may also be used in general chemistry to explore foundational chemistry concepts such as amounts, concentration, and energy . Examining these measures and metrics through the lens of extensive and intensive properties, , it is possible to identify relevant metrics early on in the chemistry curriculum and use sustainability metrics as tools to connect concepts throughout the course, to other courses, and real-world examples. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Sustainability Metrics in General Chemistry Using Intensive and Extensive Properties of Matter

Silverman

2021

J. Chem. Educ.

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As introductory chemistry courses expose students to many distinctive properties of matter, it is helpful to systematically evaluate and relate different measures such as mass, moles, and molarity, or specific heat capacity and heat capacity. Intensive and extensive designations help distinguish intrinsic and component properties of a system and are often introduced to students, but they are infrequently explored or exploited beyond introductory chapters. Intensive metrics used to address green chemistry principles include process mass efficiency, median lethal dose, and radiative forcing. These sustainability metrics build on fundamental measures introduced in general chemistry such as yield, concentration, and energy by collecting extensive components of a system with complementary intensive measures. As interdisciplinary sustainability metrics bridge scales and systems and connect chemical, environmental, and engineering concerns, they can be used to help further explain and employ concepts currently taught in a general chemistry course. This commentary serves to examine the extensive and intensive nature of measures found in a first-semester general chemistry course and classify them alongside relevant sustainability metrics. While general chemistry is not necessarily an outlet to fully explore these metrics, the introduction and exploration of these metrics, such as process mass efficiency in relation to yield, may better allow them to practice general chemistry learning objectives both inside and outside the classroom.

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Section: Expanding the Reaction System: From Yield To Process Mass Ef...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Sustainability Metrics in General Chemistry Using Intensive and Extensive Properties of Matter

Silverman

2021

J. Chem. Educ.

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“…For students with an undergraduate chemistry background, the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry (Figure ) serve as an excellent framework to teach topics of green chemistry and chemical safety. For public outreach or younger K–12 audiences, Colby faculty and students rely on a simpler three-part framework: feedstocks, processes, and products . For feedstocks, students are asked where our raw materials come from: renewable or depleting sources?…”

Section: Green Chemistry Safety and Student Chaptersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For public outreach or younger K−12 audiences, Colby faculty and students rely on a simpler threepart framework: feedstocks, processes, and products. 44 For feedstocks, students are asked where our raw materials come from: renewable or depleting sources? For processes, students are asked how much energy is being used?…”

Section: Colby Collegementioning

confidence: 99%

Safe and Sustainable Chemistry Activities: Fostering a Culture of Safety in K–12 and Community Outreach Programs

Cannon¹,

Keirstead

Hudson

et al. 2020

J. Chem. Educ.

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Green chemistry provides unique opportunities for student engagement through K−12 and community outreach. As a platform for safe, engaging outreach, green chemistry activities allow for hands-on approaches to introducing science and chemistry concepts in informal settings. Green chemistry outreach also is a means for American Chemical Society (ACS) student chapters to earn recognition as a green chemistry student chapter through the ACS student chapter awards. Beyond Benign's College Student Fellows program is highlighted as an example of training college students in green chemistry outreach to promote K−12 and college student engagement. The University of New England (UNE) and Colby College provide examples of college student engagement through different outreach settings. This article outlines the many benefits of utilizing green chemistry activities through K−12 and community outreach, including creating a safe environment for student engagement, creating habits-of-mind for college students, and engaging K−12 students in safer, greener chemistry experiments and activities.

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“…Previous review articles have reported on various aspects of the use of green chemistry in education, e.g., laboratory work in tertiary education [12,27,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], often only in a specific field of chemistry [52,56,57], and the integration of selected green chemistry principles into laboratory work in tertiary education [53,56,57]. The present paper aims to review experimental work from green chemistry perspectives more holistically by involving all fields of chemistry, all educational levels, and 12 Principles of Green Chemistry in a 25-year long period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Work in Science Education from Green Chemistry Perspectives: A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA

Savec

Mlinarec

2021

Sustainability

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Experimental work is an important component of science subjects at all educational levels. The implication of green chemistry ideas indicated the need for optimization of traditional experimental work by implementing green chemistry principles to promote sustainable development. The aim of the study is to present findings from a systematic literature review on the use of experimental work in science education from green chemistry perspectives in the literature from 1995 to 2020. Thus, three electronic databases were reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search identified a total of 1199 papers from Web of Science (N = 419), Scopus (N = 578), and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) (N = 202). After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 263 papers were obtained and then analyzed in further detail. The findings highlighted trends in the integration of green chemistry principles into experimental work from primary to tertiary education levels and identified a literature gap, as well as the challenges and the possibilities for future development. The review outlined various opportunities for active learning within experimental work from green chemistry perspectives using a range of methods, with a particular focus on practical, hands-on, and laboratory activities.

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Evaluating Feedstocks, Processes, and Products in the Teaching Laboratory: A Framework for Students To Use Metrics to Design Greener Chemistry Experiments

Cited by 16 publications

References 160 publications

Exploring Sustainability Metrics in General Chemistry Using Intensive and Extensive Properties of Matter

Exploring Sustainability Metrics in General Chemistry Using Intensive and Extensive Properties of Matter

Safe and Sustainable Chemistry Activities: Fostering a Culture of Safety in K–12 and Community Outreach Programs

Experimental Work in Science Education from Green Chemistry Perspectives: A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA

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