Evaluating Genetic Diversity of Agaricus bisporus Accessions through Phylogenetic Analysis Using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers

Abstract

Agaricus bisporus , commonly known as the button mushroom, is widely cultivated throughout the world. To breed new strains with more desirable traits and improved adaptability, diverse germplasm, including wild accessions, is a valuable genetic resource. To better understand the genetic diversity available in A. bisporus and identify previously unknown diversity within accessions, a phylogenetic analysis of 360 Agaricus spp. accessions using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed. Genetic relationships were compared using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) among accessions with known origins and accessions with limited collection data. The accessions clustered into four groups based on the PCoA with regard to genetic relationships. A subset of 67 strains, which comprised a core collection where repetitive and uninformative accessions were not included, clustered into 7 groups following analysis. Two of the 170 accessions with limited collection data were identified as wild germplasm. The core collection allowed for the accurate analysis of A. bisporus genetic relationships, and accessions with an unknown pedigree were effectively grouped, allowing for origin identification, by PCoA analysis in this study.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis among Germplasm of Agaricus bisporus by SSR Markers

“…Genetic diversity analysis of cultivars and wild strains is underway to aid the development of new A. bisporus cultivars with desirable traits and improved adaptability. Diversity of A. bisporus resources, cultivars, and wild strains was assessed using molecular RFLP, SSR, and SNP markers [30,32,[46][47][48]. Genetic diversity was also assessed using SSR markers to incorporate disease resistance into breeding programs [18,19].…”

Management of Water Supply in the Cultivation of Different Agaricus bisporus Strains

“…Some molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important agronomic traits were characterized for a substantial collection of A. bisporus strains over the last decade [34][35][36][37]. Most of them are related with disease resistance and yield, including bruising (discoloration after damaging the cap skin), earliness (first day picking), firmness, cap color, compost colonization, and scaling of mushroom caps [34,35].…”

“…Most of them are related with disease resistance and yield, including bruising (discoloration after damaging the cap skin), earliness (first day picking), firmness, cap color, compost colonization, and scaling of mushroom caps [34,35]. In addition to these data, a recent report evaluated the genetic diversity of 170 accessions of A. bisporus by analyzing 111 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers [37] based on the previously published KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) markers [36]. Together, these results represent valuable genetic resources that are potentially useful for breeding, enabling the development of strains with superior agronomic traits.…”

Insight into the evolutionary and domesticated history of the most widely cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus via mitogenome sequences of 361 global strains

“…The whole-genome resequencing of 29 strains revealed that the Tibetan Plateau population was significantly differentiated from the European and American populations [ 33 ]. The commercial cultivars of A. bisporus have been studied used nuclear SSR and SNP markers, and the results showed they belonged to two groups [ 34 , 35 ]. However, the patterns of intraspecific evolution and population genetic history of A. bisporus remain incompletely understood.…”