Evaluating increased effort for item disposal to improve recycling at a university

Fritz, Jennifer N.; Dupuis, Danielle L.; Wu, Wai-Ling; Neal, Ashley E.; Rettig, Lisa A.; Lastrapes, Renée E.

doi:10.1002/jaba.405

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Picture exchanges increased, and the effect could have been a result of reduced effort, but could have also been due to an increased delay to reinforcement in the high distance condition. Finally, some authors (i.e., Fritz et al, 2017;Ludwig et al, 1998;O'Connor et al, 2010) manipulated the number and /or location of recycling bins to increase recycling. Although the reduced effort to recycle could have been responsible for the increase in recycling, the increased number or change in location of bins could have served as a prompt to recycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, Fritz et al (2017) further investigated the effects of response effort on recycling, but rather than adding recycling bins, these researchers removed trashcans from classrooms and placed them in the same location as the recycling bins. Following trashcan removal, the percentage of correct recycling increased, and this procedure was less expensive than adding recycling bins.…”

Section: Manipulation Of Proximitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Recent Research on the Manipulation of Response Effort in Applied Behavior Analysis

2020

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Response effort refers to the distance, force/pressure, or number of discrete behaviors required to engage in a response. In applied behavior analysis, response effort has been used as an independent variable to address a variety of target responses. In this manuscript, we summarize recent clinical and organizational studies in which response effort was manipulated to increase a desirable behavior or decrease a problematic behavior. Recent clinical applications include the manipulation of response effort to decrease self-injurious behavior and pica and increase appropriate eating, compliance, and manding. Recent organizational applications include the manipulation of response effort to increase safety and recycling. We also review the collection of data on treatment integrity, social validity, and maintenance in response effort research and analyze the effectiveness of response effort manipulations. We conclude by discussing the putative behavioral mechanisms responsible for the effects of response effort manipulations and by providing some directions for future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manipulation Of Proximitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Research on the Manipulation of Response Effort in Applied Behavior Analysis

2020

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“…In this context, the effect of prompts should be considered. Fritz et al (2017) showed that signs prompting recycling can increase recycling behavior even when decreasing the proximity of the bins. Therefore, offering glasses without straws as a default option with the separately offered straws in a box, and provided with prompts that inform about the impact of straw consumption, might be an effective strategy to significantly lower straw consumption and lower the discontent about missing straws as reported by Wagner and Toews (2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Experiment on Reducing Drinking Straw Consumption by Default

2020

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Against the background of the pollution of the environment through plastic waste, we conducted a field experiment (N = 195) to test the effectiveness of a default nudge intervention that aimed at reducing the consumption of plastic drinking straws. We assumed that separating straws from cups by default leads to an overall decrease in straw consumption. We hypothesized that individuals would consume straws less frequently when they had to pick straws actively out of a separate straw box for their drink compared to when they could choose between cups already containing and not containing straws. Results of a logistic regression revealed a significant difference between both conditions concerning the use of drinking straws [B = 1.129 (SE = 0.30), p < 001 with an odds ratio of OR = 0.32]. Confirming our hypothesis, results underline that minor and subtle interventions addressing waste reduction might have marked effects. More research is needed to improve current and future interventions to significantly reduce the amount of plastic consumption and consequently reduce the waste in the environment.

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“…Then, the intervention is introduced while repeated measurement of the dependent variables continues. To demonstrate functional control of the effects attributable to the intervention (as opposed to some other factor), a return to the nointervention condition may be arranged (as in a reversal design; e.g., Fritz et al, 2017), or the staggered application of the intervention may be arranged for another community or community sector (as in a multiple-baseline design; e.g., Clayton & Nesnidol, 2017). The latter is the most flexible because it permits refinement of the independent variable across staggered applications.…”

Section: Experimental Evaluation Of Community Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebooting Behavioral Science to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Bonner

Biglan

2021

Behav. Soc. Iss.

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There is no question that climate change threatens the very existence of the human species. Indeed, there is mounting evidence that the sixth mass extinction event is well and truly underway. Mitigating the threats imposed by a warming climate requires a dynamic and coordinated approach, including a strong international coalition embodied by the Paris Agreement, significant investment in technological innovations to redesign the way resource-intensive commodities are produced, and a renewed emphasis on shifting climate-relevant behavior toward more sustainable alternatives. The latter has been largely neglected by the international community and funding agencies. This article serves to identify the international context in which efforts to reduce emissions using behavioral science are embedded. We highlight some of the work of behavioral scientists to enhance pro-environmental behavior that will prove vital to large-scale efforts to reduce emissions. We propose a model for designing experimental evaluations of multisector community interventions to reduce emissions on large scales. Finally, we issue a call to action for behavioral scientists and community organizers to collaborate in a new age of behavioral science research to curb the climate crisis. Keywords Climate change . Community intervention . Greenhouse gas emissionsThe imminent and existential threats posed by a warming climate have been well documented (see Grant, 2011, and Thompson, 2010, for reviews). Achieving net-zero emissions as soon as possible is vital to mitigating these threats. But anthropogenic emissions continue to rise (Jackson et al., 2018), and climate-induced human migrations (termed "climigrations") are in full flux across the globe (Palinkas, 2020). The harsh impacts of climate change on human well-being are no longer in the future. They have arrived in full force.

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Evaluating increased effort for item disposal to improve recycling at a university

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

A Review of Recent Research on the Manipulation of Response Effort in Applied Behavior Analysis

A Review of Recent Research on the Manipulation of Response Effort in Applied Behavior Analysis

A Field Experiment on Reducing Drinking Straw Consumption by Default

Rebooting Behavioral Science to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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