Evaluating invasive and non-invasive methods to
determine fat content in the laboratory mouse

Oldknow, KJ; Macrae, VE; Farquharson, Colin; Bünger, L.

doi:10.1515/biol-2015-0010

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…TejJ114, which has previously been reported to show a shortening in lifespan under 40% CR ( Liao et al, 2010 ; Rikke et al, 2010 ) did not lose proportionally more gWAT compared to strains TejJ89 and TejJ48 under 40% CR, although they did lose proportionally more body mass. Of course, we did not measure total fat mass in this study, but gWAT has been shown to be a highly accurate predictor of whole body adiposity ( Oldknow et al, 2015 ). Specific WAT stores may respond differently to CR and it has previously been reported that gonadal (epididymal) fat in male C57BL/6J mice was preferentially utilised during short-term CR, to a much greater degree that other fat stores ( Mitchell et al, 2015a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-specific metabolic responses to long-term caloric restriction in female ILSXISS recombinant inbred mice

Mulvey

Wilkie

Borland

et al. 2021

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The role that genetic background may play in the responsiveness of organisms to interventions such as caloric restriction (CR) is underappreciated but potentially important. We investigated the impact of genetic background on a suite of metabolic parameters in female recombinant inbred ILSXISS mouse strains previously reported to show divergent lifespan responses to 40% CR (TejJ89-lifespan extension; TejJ48-lifespan unaffected; TejJ114-lifespan shortening). Body mass was reduced across all strains following 10 months of 40% CR, although this loss (relative to ad libitum controls) was greater in TejJ114 relative to the other strains. Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass was similarly reduced across all strains following 40% CR, but brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass increased only in strains TejJ89 and TejJ48. Surprisingly, glucose tolerance was improved most notably by CR in TejJ114, while both strains TejJ89 and TejJ114 were hyperinsulinemic following CR relative to their AL controls. We subsequently undertook an unbiased metabolomic approach in gWAT and BAT tissue derived from strains TejJ89 and TejJ114 mice under AL and 40% CR. In gWAT from TejJ89 a significant reduction in several long chain unsaturated fatty acids was observed following 40% CR, but gWAT from TejJ114 appeared relatively unresponsive to CR with far fewer metabolites changing. Phosphatidylethanoloamine lipids within the BAT were typically elevated in TejJ89 following CR, while some phosphatidylglycerol lipids were decreased. However, BAT from strain TejJ114 again appeared unresponsive to CR. These data highlight strain-specific metabolic differences exist in ILSXISS mice following 40% CR. We suggest that precisely how different fat depots respond dynamically to CR may be an important factor in the variable longevity under 40% CR reported in these mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-specific metabolic responses to long-term caloric restriction in female ILSXISS recombinant inbred mice

Mulvey

Wilkie

Borland

et al. 2021

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Food consumption early in the day might also be considered as a limitation of our study as it can affect circadian rhythms of nocturnal animals. Fasting is associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation (23). Measurements in the fasted state might be more representative of the overall metabolism compared with measurements in the postabsorptive state during CR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muscles were trimmed from all visible tendons and blotted dry just before weighing. Combined body fat mass was assessed as the sum of the hindlimb subcutaneous, gonadal, mesenteric, and perirenal white adipose tissue and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) as in previous studies (23,24).…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocaloric Low‐Carbohydrate and Low‐Fat Diets with Fixed Protein Lead to Similar Health Outcomes in Obese Mice

Minderis

Fokin

Dirmontas

et al. 2020

Obesity

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Objective: It is controversial whether low-carbohydrate diets are better suited for weight control and metabolic health than high-carbohydrate diets. This study examined whether these diets induce different improvements in body composition and glucose tolerance in obese mice during caloric restriction (CR). Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an obesogenic diet ad libitum for 18 weeks and then subjected to 6-week progressive CR of up to 40%, using either a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet with equal protein content. Mice fed a regular chow diet ad libitum served as controls. Body mass, hindlimb muscle mass, fat mass, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance were compared between the groups. Results: Initially low-fat and low-carbohydrate groups had similar body mass, which was 30% greater compared with controls. CR induced similar weight loss in low-fat and low-carbohydrate groups. This weight loss was mainly due to fat loss in both groups. Energy expenditure of freely moving mice did not differ between the groups. Glucose tolerance improved compared with the values before CR and in controls but did not differ between the diets. Conclusions: Dietary carbohydrate or fat content does not affect improvements in body composition and metabolic health in obese mice exposed to CR with fixed energy and protein intake.

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“…The muscles were trimmed from all visible tendons and blotted dry just before weighing. Combined body fat mass was assessed as the sum of the hindlimb white adipose subcutaneous (sWAT), gonadal (gWAT), mesenteric (mWAT), perirenal (pWAT) and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) as in previous studies (26,27).…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Carbohydrate and Low Fat Diets with Equal Protein Content Lead to Similar Improvements in Body Composition and Glucose Tolerance in Obese Mice subjected to Caloric Restriction

Minderis

Fokin

Dirmontas

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background. Reported differences in effects of low and high carbohydrate diets on weight control and metabolic health are controversial. We aimed to examine if such diets induce different improvements in body composition and glucose tolerance under conditions of caloric restriction (CR) in obese mice.Methods. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 20) were fed obesogenic diet (45 and 17.5% kcal from fat and sugar) ad libitum for 18 weeks and then subjected to 6-week CR which progressively increased up to 40% using either Low Fat diet (20, 60, 20% kcal from fat, carbohydrate, protein, n = 10) or Low Carb diet (20, 60, 20% kcal from carbohydrate, fat, protein, n = 10). Mice fed regular chow diet ad libitum served as controls (n = 10). Body mass, hind limb muscle mass, fat mass, energy expenditure and glucose tolerance were compared between the groups.Results. Low Fat and Low Carb groups had similar body mass (p > 0.05) prior to CR which was 30% greater compared to control group (p < 0.001). CR resulted in weight loss with no differences between Low Fat and Low Carb groups (30.0 ± 5.6 and 23.8 ± 7.5%, p > 0.05).Weight loss was mainly due to fat loss in both groups. Energy expenditure of freely moving mice did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05). Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test improved compared to control group (p < 0.05) and values before CR (p < 0.01) but without differences between Low Fat and Low Carb groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions.Dietary carbohydrate or fat content when protein is equated does not play a significant role for body composition and metabolic health benefits of caloric restriction in obese mice.

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Evaluating invasive and non-invasive methods to determine fat content in the laboratory mouse

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Strain-specific metabolic responses to long-term caloric restriction in female ILSXISS recombinant inbred mice

Strain-specific metabolic responses to long-term caloric restriction in female ILSXISS recombinant inbred mice

Hypocaloric Low‐Carbohydrate and Low‐Fat Diets with Fixed Protein Lead to Similar Health Outcomes in Obese Mice

Low Carbohydrate and Low Fat Diets with Equal Protein Content Lead to Similar Improvements in Body Composition and Glucose Tolerance in Obese Mice subjected to Caloric Restriction

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