“…RSM facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationships between FDM [28] and EDM [29,30] parameters, such as raster angle, air gap, raster width, current, pulse on time, and pulse off time, and critical performance measures like compressive stress, percentage deformation, breaking stress, material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness. The utilization of RSM not only aids researchers in uncovering the optimal combinations of parameters for enhanced outcomes but also contributes to advancing the efficiency and effectiveness of these advanced manufacturing techniques [31,32].…”